Genetic variability estimation was conducted in twelve genotypes of peas during growing season 2011-12. Analysis of variance was highly significant for all characters studied except plant height present high scope for selection. The highest genotypic and phenotypic co-efficient of variation were recorded for pod per plant (31.62, 31.99) followed by seed yield per plant (22.87, 23.65), cluster per plant (18.81, 20.21) and lowest was noted for days to maturity (1.88, 2.15). High heritability with high genetic advance as percent of means was recorded for pod per plant (0.98, 64.37%) followed by seed yield (0.94, 45.56%). The lowest was observed for plant height (0.35, 13.80%). The study indicates that emphasis should be given to these characters for yield improvement.
Background: The combining ability and manifestation of heterosis within and among the species of oilseed brassicas (B. campestris, B. napus and B. juncea) were studied for yield and yield related traits in 12F1 combinations. Methods: All crosses (12F1) along with their parents (7 parents) were sown in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Result: The analysis of variance showed extensive variability among the genotypes. The physical appearance of interspecific crosses was intermediate. B. campestris showed significant GCA effects among lines and B. juncea among testers for seed yield per plant. General combining behaviour of B. campestris was better as compared to B. napus and B. juncea. The SCA effects were higher within species than among the species. This also revealed that within the species B. juncea had more SCA (17.45) than B. napus (9.82) and B. campestris (8.01) for seed yield. The SCA showed the improvement of B. Juncea, is the best than other two species. It is also concluded that to obtain better yield, crossing within the species is more appropriate than among the species. Moreover, to introduce novel traits in brassica species is possible through interspecific hybridization.
Genotypic and phenotypic variation, heritability and genetic advance expressed as percentage of mean for yield and yield contributing traits were studied in 14 genotypes of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Genotypic and phenotypic variances were high for number of pods per plant (18.60 and 19.50) and days to maturity (16.39 and 17.69). Heritability was high for 100-seed weight (0.99) and lowest for seed yield per plant (0.42). High heritability with high genetic advance as percentage of mean for number of pods per plant showed the additive gene effect for these characters. Analysis of variance for parameters showed the significant variations for all variables under consideration. Genotype 8010 produced maximum number of pods per cluster (3.72) and number of pods per plant (27.33). Maximum plant height (41.23) was recorded for genotype 8003 while genotype 98002 took maximum days to flowering (49.66) and days to maturity (86.66). Similarly, maximum 100-seed weight (5.64) and seed yield per plant (13.76) were recorded in genotypes 8004 and 8002, respectively. Existing variation may helpful for selection and further hybridization breeding program in future.
Sugar beet is a crop of huge national economic importance. The beetroot plant shows great sensitivity to the abiotic factors especially to fertility of the soil. The lack of nutrients in the soil where this plant is grown weakens its normal development and significantly reduces its yield. Therefore, the present research work was planned to assess the impact of planting schemes and mineral fertilizer norms on the quality production of sugar beet. Research works were carried out in 2021-2022 with Caucasian variety of sugar beet on irrigated gray-brown soils. The field experiments were laid out under different plnating schemes and fertilizer application rates. In case of 50x20 cm planting scheme without fertilizer (control); dry matter 21.4%, sugar 15.6%, protein 5.38%, fat 0.61%, cellulose 5.69%, ash 4, 46% and nitrate nitrogen 147.5 mg/kg in wet mass, respectively were recorded in background (P120K90) variant; 15.9%; 5.85%; 0.65%; 5.77%; 4.53% and 163.8 mg/kg.The quality indicators of sugar beet, as well as root and fruit crops, increased significantly compared to the control and background (P120K90) variants in the increased rates of nitrogen fertilizer along with the background. The highest quality indicators were observed in the background+N90 variant, respectively 24.9%; 17.9%; 6.21%; 0.76%; 6.05%; 4.71% and 183.0 mg/kg. In the 50x20 cm planting scheme, which has more food space, the quality indicators were higher in each of the studied options than in the 50x10 cm and 50x15 cm planting schemes, depending on the mineral fertilizer norms. 0.8-3.5% dry matter, 0.3-2.3% sugar, 0.47-0.83% protein, 0.04-0.15% fat, cellulose 0.08-0.36%, ash by 0.07-0.25% and nitrate nitrogen increased by 16.3-45.7 mg/kg in wet weight. The amount of nitrates in the root fruits of sugar beet was much less than the permissible limit (250 mg/kg in wet weight). It is concluded that the highest indicators were obtained in the background+N90 and 50x20 cm planting scheme.
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