Emerging as a targeted, safe, and efficient pharmacotherapy is the approach of theranostics, which focuses on patient centered care. It is a combination of diagnosis and therapeutics. Theranostics is a new field of medicine which combines specific targeted therapy based on specific targeted diagnostic tests. With a key focus on patient centered care, theranostics provides a transition from conventional medicine to a contemporary personalized and precision medicine approach. The theranostics paradigm involves using nanoscience to unite diagnostic and therapeutic applications to form a single agent, allowing for diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment response monitoring. The theranostics medicine can achieve systemic circulation, evade host defenses and deliver the drug and diagnostic agents at the targeted site to diagnose and treat the disease at cellular and molecular level.
Nanogels are innovative drug delivery system that can play an integral part in pointing out many issues related to old and modern courses of treatment such as nonspecific effects and poor stability. Biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of Nanogels have been explored for tissue regeneration, wound healing, surgical device, implantation, and peroral, rectal, vaginal, ocular, and transdermal drug delivery. Nanogels are proficiently internalized by the target cells, avoid accumulating in nontarget tissues thereby lower the therapeutic dosage and minimize harmful side effects. Nanogels may be defined as highly cross linked nano-sized hydrogels ranges from 20-200 nm. They can be administered through various routes, including oral, pulmonary, nasal, parenteral, intra-ocular etc. They have a high degree of drug loading capacity and it shows better permeation capabilities due to smaller size. Nanogels are the novel drug delivery systems for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.
Pharmaceutical co-crystals are nonionic supramolecular complexes and supramolecular chemistry. Pharmaceutical co-crystal consists of active pharmaceutical ingredients and coformers. Pharmaceutical co-crystals can be employed to improve vital physicochemical characteristics of a drug, including solubility, dissolution, bioavailability and stability of pharmaceutical compounds while maintaining its therapeutic activity. Co-crystals can be constructed through several types of interaction, including hydrogen bonding, pi-stacking, and vander Waals forces. Pharmaceutical co-crystals could play a major role in the future of API formulation. Pharmaceutical co-crystal can be improvement future aspect problems related physicochemical properties of API
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