Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is the most common agent of cattle tuberculosis, a zoonosis that causes losses in meat and milk production in several countries. In order to support epidemiological studies aimed at controlling the disease, several methods for molecular discrimination of M. bovis isolates have recently been developed. The most frequently used are spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping), mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU), and exact tandem repeat (ETR), but they all have different discriminatory power. In the present study, allelic diversity was calculated for each MIRU and ETR locus, and the Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index (HGI) was calculated for spoligotyping, 10 MIRUs, and 3 ETRs, in 116 isolates of M. bovis obtained from cattle. The analysis of allelic diversity indicated that MIRUs 16, 26, and 27, and ETRs A, B, and C, showed the greatest diversity between the assayed loci. The HGIs for each of the techniques were: spoligotyping=0.738381; MIRU=0.829835; and ETR=0.825337. The associations of the methods' improved discriminatory power were: spoligotyping+MIRU=0.930585; spoligotyping+ETR=0.931034; and MIRU+ETR=0.953373. The greatest discriminatory power was obtained when the three techniques were associated (HGI=0.98051). Considering the analyses of the present study, spoligotyping should be the first method to be used because it differentiates M. bovis from the other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. As the associations of MIRU and ETR with spoligotyping resulted in nearly identical HGIs, ETR seems to be the best choice after spoligotyping, because it is faster and more economical than MIRU. Finally, MIRU should be the last method used. In spite of this finding, the choice of the method used should be based on the discriminatory power necessary for the objective at hand.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused by bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MtbC). This disease rarely affects dogs. Canine infections are usually caused by M. tuberculosis. Mycobacterium bovis infections are rare in dogs and associated with consumption of raw milk or contaminated products. Here, we report a Boxer dog who had a M. bovis infection and was admitted to a Brazilian veterinary hospital with a presumptive diagnosis of chronic ehrlichiosis. Despite receiving treatment for chronic ehrlichiosis, it progressed to death. TB was diagnosed during post-mortem examinations using histopathological analysis. Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed acid-fast bacilli in the kidneys, liver, mesentery, and a mass adhered to the liver. Further, PCR-restriction analysis was performed to identify mycobacteria in the samples. A restriction profile compatible with MtbC was found in the lungs. In addition, PCR-based MtbC typing deletions at different loci of chromosome 9 enabled the identification of M. bovis in the lungs. Therefore, it is very essential to perform differential diagnosis of TB in dogs with non-specific clinical signs and who do not respond to treatment, particularly those who had been in contact with TB-infected cattle or owners. Further, we highlight the use of molecular methods for the identification of bacilli, improving the diagnosis and aiding epidemiological studies.
O Mycobacterium bovis incluído no complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis pode infectar várias espécies de animais domésticose silvestres. Embora acometa principalmente animais da espéciebovina também pode infectar outros mamíferos e inclusive osseres humanos, nos quais determina um quadro clínico indistinguíveldo causado pelo M. tuberculosis. Em diversos paísesdesenvolvidos, devido à aplicação de rigorosas medidas de controlee consequente redução da prevalência da tuberculose bovina,bem como de infecções em outras espécies de animais peloM. bovis houve em decréscimo dos níveis de ocorrência destapatologia e o tema passou a ser considerado de menor importância.No entanto, nos países em desenvolvimento, a infecção porM. bovis ainda representa um importante risco para a saúde pública,pois tem sido observada nos animais domésticos, silvestres eem seres humanos. O presente trabalho analisa a importância dainfecção pelo Mycobacterium bovis em termos de saúde pública.
RESUMO: A Botânica é o ramo da Biologia que se dedica ao estudo das plantas. O Ensino da Botânica no Colégio Agrícola Vidal de Negreiros (CAVN) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba -Campus III consistiu de aulas que tem como finalidade desperta a curiosidades dos alunos do ensino médio, estimulando a curiosidade sobre conteúdo do componente curricular, induzindo aos mesmos a busca pelo conhecimento dos Biomas das suas Regiões. Os alunos tiveram a primeira aula de Botânica, utilizando o herbário Reflora. O herbário Padrões Ambientais Emergentes e Sustentabilidade dos Sistemas Capítulo 12 foi utilizado como ferramenta de mediação e familiarização para aprendizagem do conteúdo que seria realizado nas aulas seguintes. A aula prática em campo, em que foram coletadas as plantas para trabalhar em sala, teve uma boa interação dos alunos.As plantas que foram coletadas de interesse dos alunos foram colocadas para secar em prensa para a elaboração de um pequeno herbário das turmas do segundo ano, que foi exposto no estande do "MEIO AMBIENTE, NA EXPOTEC 2018 CAVN" onde os próprios alunos apresentaram as suas plantas. Com o decorrer do trabalho foi possível observar que os alunos demostraram mais interesse nas aulas práticas e foram mais participativos. Com isso, podemos afirmar que o emprego de metodologias em que empregam a inclusão de aulas práticas além da teoria, é de fundamental importância para a aprendizagem dos alunos.
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