PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between audit service quality, client satisfaction and loyalty to the audit firms. SERVQUAL model was used to measure the perceptions and expectations of public listed companies on the services received from audit firms.Design/methodology/approachThe five dimensions of SERVQUAL, i.e. reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy and responsiveness was used to measure the service quality of audit firms. The research was conducted using primary data. Questionnaires were sent to 500 public listed companies listed in Bursa Saham Malaysia for year 2005.FindingsThe public listed companies were satisfied with the tangible dimension but were dissatisfied with the other four dimensions. The most dissatisfied dimension was empathy. Customer satisfaction was found to partially mediate the relationship of reliability and customer loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsThe small sample size is a limitation of the study. Also, the study examined all services offered by audit firms. A larger sample size and focusing on a particular service would be better as the respondents would then be able to give a more focused answer. Also, the public listed companies were not analysed further into various industry types, size of firm and other corporate attributes to understand their different needs.Practical implicationsThe study defines the attributes of quality services from the clients' perspective. Once the needs are more clearly known and understood, the audit firms will be in a better position to anticipate clients' requirement rather than to react to clients' dissatisfactions.Originality/valueThe paper uses a marketing model, SERVQUAL, to measure the service quality of audit firms.

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Purpose This study aims to align the theoretical foundations of Halal tourism to conventional tourism paradigms. It investigates Muslim tourists’ perception of value in the context of tourist destinations in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach The partial least square structural equation modelling uses SMART–PLS for 170 Muslim tourists and uses a positive research approach with a quantitative basis of enquiry. Six variables of Muslim tourist perceived value, such as price, social, emotion and quality, and Halal physical and nonphysical attributes are examined. In addition, this study also examines the mediating effect of destination experience in Malaysia’s environment (i.e. infrastructure, atmosphere and culture) and the relationship between Muslim tourist perceived value and tourist satisfaction. Findings Overall, the results indicate that price and social variables had no impact on tourist satisfaction, whereas other variables such as quality, emotion and Halal physical and nonphysical attributes had a direct impact on tourist satisfaction especially with the mediating effect of destination experience. Practical implications The effects of cognitive, affective and Islamic (i.e. Halal) values on tourist satisfaction were examined as also the importance of destination experience on tourist satisfaction. Originality/value This study also found that destination experience influenced tourist satisfaction significantly.

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The aim of this research is to examine the mediating effects of self-congruity between destination brand personality, to revisit intention and heed the moderating effects of gender between self-congruity. Therefore, data were collected through a survey from 226 Chinese outbound tourists in Glasgow city, United Kingdom and was analysed to provide evidence.Based on the results, the analysis of partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using the Smart PLS 3.0 program indicated that self-congruity was mediated partially through destination brand personality and revisit intention. In tourism destination, Aaker five dimension of brand personality model was particularly adapted into practice. However, the model failed to perform an actual self-congruity to mediate all five dimensions (i.e. sincerity, excitement, competence, excitement, sophistication and ruggedness) of destination brand personality and revisit intention. The results revealed that the ideal self-congruity is a mediating effect between destination brand personality (i.e. sincerity and excitement) and revisit intention.Moreover, this study also reported that the moderating role of gender has no effects on selfcongruity and revisit intention. No difference was observed between female and male Chinese tourists who rely more on destination brand personality over self-congruity when the impact of symbolic destination brand benefits on their intention to revisit Glasgow was considered.Findings further offer specific implications for both theoretical insight and marketing practice in context of tourism destinations in Glasgow.

PurposeThis study developed an extended model of self-congruity by integrating destination image, destination personality, self-congruity, revisit intention and gender.Design/methodology/approachSurveys were conducted with 645 Chinese tourists visiting New Zealand. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was performed to estimate linkages between destination image, destination personality, self-congruity and revisit intention. To compare effects on revisit intention across male and female Chinese tourists, PLS-Henseler's multigroup analysis and PLS-permutation test were conducted to analyse gender as a moderator in the proposed framework.FindingsOur results revealed positive direct effects among destination image, destination personality, self-congruity and revisit intention. Our findings indicated a highly significant difference in the effects of destination personality on ideal self-congruity across male and female Chinese tourists. The association between destination image and self-congruity identified through this model represents a crucial contribution to the tourism literature. This study also enriches tourism research by comparing male and female Chinese tourists' intentions to revisit New Zealand, having identified crucial heterogeneity within female tourists.Practical implicationsThe practical implications from our research can improve destination marketing organization (DMO) officials' awareness of one-time and repeat Chinese tourists' experiences, which strongly trigger subsequent visits.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to examine the direct correlations among destination image, destination personality, self-congruity and revisit intention by considering whether gender might moderate these factors. Our study innovatively adopted PLS-SEM along with several advanced analytical approaches, such as multigroup analysis (MGA) of women and men, to examine our research model.