IntroductionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an idiopathic, functional and chronic relapsing disorder. Physiological and psychological variables have been linked with etiology of IBS. In this study, we will determine the prevalence of IBS in local setting and its association with anxiety and depression. Materials and methodsThis cross-section study was conducted in multiple cities of Pakistan. One thousand and seven hundred and sixty (1,760) participants from general population between the age group 18 to 50 were enrolled in the study after informed consent. Diagnosis of IBS was made by assessing participants via ROME III criteria. Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to determine if the participants had anxiety and depression. ResultsIBS was present in 456 (25.9%) participants. IBS was significantly more prevalent in females compared to males. Anxiety was significantly more common in participants with IBS compared to participants without IBS (53.0% vs. 23.0%; p-value < 0.00001). Similarly, depression was significantly more common in participants with IBS (50.6% vs. 21.5%; p-value < 0.00001). ConclusionIBS is very common in Pakistan, but rarely diagnosed. It is important anyone, particularly at young age, presenting with diarrhea or constipation should be evaluated for IBS. Simultaneously, patients diagnosed with IBS should be screened for anxiety and depression, and managed accordingly.
Introduction: Patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are found to have elevated levels of inflammatory markers such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in their blood. These elevated inflammatory markers can lead to complications in ACS. Statins such as atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are known to reduce inflammatory markers. Our aim is to compare the efficacy of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in reducing inflammatory markers. Methods: This prospective, open-label, randomized trial was conducted in the cardiovascular department of tertiary care in a rural area of Pakistan. There were 128 patients diagnosed with ACS who were enrolled in the study. They were randomized into two groups, i.e. group A in which patients received 40 mg rosuvastatin daily and group B in which patients received 20 mg atorvastatin daily. hsCRP and ESR were recorded for all the patients at baseline (before starting therapy) and then again after four weeks. The results were compared between both groups. Result: Out of 128 patients, 113 (88.2%) patients completed the study. According to this study, at the end of four weeks, rosuvastatin reduced hsCRP (p value: < 0.0001) and ESR (p value: 0.015) values significantly more when compared with atorvastatin. Conclusion: In this study, rosuvastatin was significantly superior to atorvastatin in reducing inflammatory markers such as ESR and hsCRP in patients suffering from ACS. Cardiologists should consider using rosuvastatin rather than atorvastatin in management of patients suffering from ACS with elevated inflammatory biomarkers.
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