Manuskrip Melayu merupakan khazanah berharga yang mencatatkan rekod pemerintahan dan pentadbiran sesebuah kerajaan kesultanan Melayu. Menerusi catatan peristiwa tersebut, terdapat pelbagai ilmu yang dapat diselongkar sebagai pustaka watan. Pustaka watan ialah himpunan ilmu tempatan yang memberi kemaslahatan kepada masyarakat selain membuktikan ketinggian keintelektualan zaman silam yang dapat diwarisi. Antara ilmu yang dapat dikenal pasti ialah ilmu diplomatik. Ilmu diplomatik ialah pengetahuan tentang pengurusan hal ehwal hubungan antarabangsa sesebuah kerajaan. Perkembangan pengurusan serta pengukuhan kestabilan pemerintahan kesultanan Melayu adalah bersandarkan cetusan hubungan ini. Kepelbagaian perkongsian sumber organisasi dan bahan semula jadi menjadikan hubungan antara dua atau lebih kerajaan menjadi akrab dan dapat membina hubungan atas dasar percaya dan keyakinan masing-masing. Namun demikian, ilmu diplomatik sebagai pustaka watan masih lagi belum berkembang kajiannya. Oleh itu, makalah ini akan menghuraikan serta menganalisis ilmu diplomatik sebagai pustaka watan dengan menggunakan Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa sebagai bahan perbincangan. Dalam pada itu, kaedah kepustakaan dan juga analisis teks digunakan untuk mencapai objektif kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa secara keseluruhannya terdapat bentuk dan juga kaedah pengendalian ilmu diplomatik sebagai pustaka watan menerusi naskhah terpilih. Kajian ini dapat menyumbangkan pengetahuan kepada pengkaji bidang lain yang berkaitan agar memanfaatkan data yang telah direkodkan oleh para ilmuwan terdahulu dalam manuskrip Melayu.
This study is about the Iban race which is one of the largest ethnic groups in Sarawak where they can be found from Sri Aman, all the way up to Miri, Bintulu and Limbang. The Iban people are also known as Sea Dayaks due to their skills in hunting, farming and adherence to traditional customs. The villages of the Iban people are mainly located on river shores and hillsides. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify and discuss the aspects of how animism influenced the customs and cultures of the Iban people in Hikayat Keling Gerasi Nading (1998). This study uses text analysis methods and approaches based on Sociology of Literature, introduced by Alan Swingewood (1972) as a consolidation in this study. The findings showed that there are elements of animism in Hikayat Keling Gerasi Nading (1998) such as consorting with faith healers and witch doctors, beliefs in spirits of the dead and believing in premonition. Therefore, it is hoped that this study would be beneficial to researchers of anthropology to learn about the customs and culture of the Iban community.
Vernacular is said to be derived from the Latin term vernaculus which means domestic or local which means 'place'. However, in this context, the vernacular traditions clearly emphasize the conditions, local materials, environment and behavior as well as local customs that focus on traditional Malay society. This is reflected in the architecture that can be studied with the senses dependent on the thoughts and views of the community. Among them is the architecture of old Malay building. Research vernacular aspect of old Malay architecture displays a close link exists or affinity with nature and the community trust, which is the main source of living of the people. In fact, the nature and confidence in ensuring the community's ability to meet the objectives of old Malay income, as a protective domain, not only of the current situation, even include descriptions of culture. In this case, the old Malay architecture have been identified in the text of the Malay historiography, historical documentation as the material of the Malays. Hence, to highlight the description of the vernacular architecture of the old Malay, research will be conducted on the texts, intended to show the relationship of the Malay community with nature and belief, thus explaining its ability to meet the objectives of the production building old Malay, include their role as protectors of the current situation and highlights the value of Malay culture.
This study stems from a literature review that discovers that main ideas of Moderate Propositional Theory of Literary Truth has been discussed and applied to multiple fields of study using various languages including Portuguese, Russian, Finnish and English. This invites a study to discuss the main ideas of the model in Malay literature using the Malay language. This article outlines two objectives. First, to relate the main ideas in the model of Moderate Propositional Theory of Literary Truth with Malay literary works. Second, to sum up the main ideas of Moderate Propositional Theory of Literary Truth by Jukka Mikkonen. The results of the analysis found that Moderate Propositional Theory of Literary Truth presents three ways for philosophy to be conveyed through fiction, which are literary assertions, literary suggestions and literary hypotheses. An analysis of the relationship between the literary assertions and “Pujangga Melayu” by Mohd. Affandi Hassan, literary suggestions and “Salina” by A. Samad Said, and literary hypotheses and “Di Negeri Belalang” by Anwar Ridhwan found that the three ways of conveying philosophy offer different features and aspects in shaping what is called “philosophical fiction”.
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