Background: Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is caused by Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) that is transmitted by sand fly vectors with dogs acting as the main reservoir. Methods: The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of CanL in dogs from Egypt and assessed the associated risk factors. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2020 in five governorates situated in Northern Egypt. Serum samples from 450 asymptomatic dogs were serologically examined by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Overall, the seroprevalence rate of CanL was 21.3% and the highest rates were observed in Cairo and Giza governorates. The univariable analysis revealed that the seropositivity of CanL was strongly related to the dogs′ ages, length of hair, absence of veterinary care or application of insecticides, and the type of floor of their shelters. The risk factors that were found to be associated with CanL in exposed dogs were: age group 2–4 years old (OR = 12, 95% CI: 1.6–92.3); short hair (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.2–3.6); absence of veterinary care (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3–5.8); no application of insecticides (OR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.5–6.5) and their residence in a shelter with an earthen floor (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.7–2.9). Conclusions: Based on the present results, CanL is present in Egyptian dogs and this increases the possibility of transmission by sand fly to humans with whom they have contact. Consequently, an efficient monitoring programme and effective control measures are important to reduce the risk of infection.
In December 2019, several patients in China were infected with a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the etiological agent underlying acute respiratory disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1].Based on clinical and radiologic data, lung injury is one of the most common complications of COVID-19. In about 20% of COVID-19 patients, acute lung injury (ALI) rapidly progresses into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [2]. ARDS development includes acute, subacute, and chronic phases [3]. The acute phase is mainly characterized by alveolar and interstitial edema, endothelial and epithelial damage, and aggregations of inflammatory cells and red blood cells (RBCs) in the alveoli. The predominant changes in the subacute phase are pulmonary edema clearance, type II alveolar pneumocyte hyperplasia, fibroblastic proliferation, and collagen deposition [3]. The chronic phase of ARDS involves infiltrations of alveolar macrophages in the alveoli and increased fibrosis. The bleomycin-induced lung injury model is a well-characterized model of pulmonary damage, edema, inflammation, and eventual fibrosis that closely resembles the ARDS development pathway [4]. The bleomycin mouse model is an excellent research tool to investigate ARDS due to strong similarities regarding the cells, mediators, and signaling pathways that contribute to pathogenesis.Bleomycin, generated by the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus, is a glycosylated linear non-ribosomal peptide antibiotic. Since bleomycin has potent antitumorigenic properties, it is used as a chemotherapeutic agent against many cancers, including squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix, esophagus, and head and neck;
(1) Background: Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic helminth disease that causes severe economic losses. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and viability of cystic echinococcosis in examined camels. In addition, assessing the histological, morphological, oxidative, and antioxidant state related to the cystic echinococcosis infection; (2) Methods: The study was performed on 152 slaughtered dromedary camels between March and September 2022 at El-Basatin abattoir in Cairo Governorate, Egypt; (3) Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of hydatidosis was 21.7% in slaughtered camel and the highest infection rate observed in lungs was 87.87%, while it was 9% in livers. Camels’ liver infections were rare, whereas their lung infections were more common. By comparing to non-infected camels, the level of MAD was significantly increased with hydatid cysts infection, while the level of GSH, SOD and CAT was significantly decreased. Histopathological section of camel cyst revealed layered membranes surrounded by a zone of cellular infiltration and an outermost fibrous tissue reaction. In addition, there was evidence of atelectasis, emphysema, hemorrhage, congestion, and fibrosis in the surrounding tissues. Nonetheless, the degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes and other pathological alterations in liver cyst sections were remarkably comparable to those seen in the lungs. Furthermore, calcification was detected.
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