Context The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incident cases of pediatric Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not clear. Objective To identify trends in incidence and presentation of pediatric new-onset T1D and T2D during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted. Demographics, anthropometrics, and initial labs from patients ages 0-21 who presented with new-onset diabetes to a pediatric tertiary care center were recorded. Results During the pandemic incident cases of pediatric T1D increased from 31 in each of the prior two years to 46; an increase of 48%. Incident cases of pediatric T2D increased by 231% from 2019 to 2020. The number of incident cases of pediatric T2D increased significantly more than the number of incident cases of pediatric T1D (p-value = 0.009). Patients with T2D were more likely to present in DKA, though this was not statistically significant (p-value=0.093). Severe DKA was higher compared to moderate DKA (p-value = 0.036) in incident cases of pediatric T2D. During the pandemic, for the first time, incident cases of T2D accounted for more than half of the all newly diagnosed pediatric diabetes cases (53%). Conclusions There were more incident pediatric T1D and T2D cases as well as an increase in DKA severity in T2D at presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic. More importantly, incident T2D cases were higher than the incident T1D during the pandemic. This clearly suggests a disruption and change in the pediatric diabetes trends with profound individual and community health consequences.
Context Increases in incident cases of pediatric type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were observed during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim To identify trends in incidence and presentation of pediatric new-onset T1D and T2D during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted. Demographics, anthropometrics, and initial laboratory results from patients’ ages 0-21 years who presented with new-onset diabetes to a pediatric tertiary care center were recorded. Results The incident cases of T1D (n=46) and T2D (n=46) in 2021-2022 (second year of the pandemic) were consistent with the incident cases of T1D (n=46) and T2D (n=53) in 2020-2021 (first year of the pandemic). Compared to the incident cases of diabetes in the pre-pandemic years, in the second year, the incident cases of T1D increased 48%, and the incident cases of T2D increased 188%. In the second year of the pandemic, incident cases of T2D represented half (50%) of all newly diagnosed pediatric diabetes cases. Patients with T2D were more likely to present in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), though this was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). Conclusions The increase in incident cases of pediatric T1D and T2D observed during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic persisted in the second pandemic year. This suggests that despite pediatric vaccination efforts and return to social in-person activities, we may continue to see effects of the pandemic on pediatric diabetes trends.
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