The purpose of this research was to determine the critical length of the king pineapple leaf fiber (KPLF) due to fumigation treatment with time variations. To determine the critical length is done by pull out test. The pull-out test was conducted to determine the adhesive properties of the KPLF interface with the epoxy matrix by implanting KPLF without and with the fuming treatment into the epoxy matrix then being withdrawn with a certain load and in quantity it can provide tensile stress information which can then be converted into a shear stress fiber with epoxy matrix. The measurement results show the effect of fogging treatment for 15 hours on KPLF, can increase the shear stress of the epoxy matrix interface by 16.75 MPa with a length of 1 mm and a critical length of 4,53 mm.
This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and roasting time on changes in physical characteristics of arabica coffee beans. Rotary type mechanical coffee roaster equipment equipped with a digital temperature measuring device to measure the roasting temperature. The heat source used is from the gas stove with the inner surface temperature of the coffee bean roaster cinder being kept constant. Arabica dry coffee as much as 500 grams with 14 % moisture content is put into the roasting device which has been heated at the desired temperature. The roasting is done by repetition twice for each temperature which is 165 °C, 175 °C, 185 °C and 195 °C with variations in the average length of time ie 35 minutes, 29 minutes, 25 minutes and 23 minutes. The results showed that the temperature and roasting time had an effect on the physical characteristics of the coffee beans, especially the very real color changes and also the changes in the average moisture content of coffee beans were 1.82 %, 1.43 %, 1.12 % respectively. and 0.94 %. Keywords: Arabica coffee, temperature, roasting time, physical characteristics
Steel is one of the most widely used metals in engineering. There are several things that make this material widely used by humans, among others, the amount is quite abundant in nature, usually still in the form of iron ore or pure iron. It has good mechanical properties (strength and ductility), is easy to work with either the casting method or the machining method so that it can be made according to human wishes, and the price is relatively cheap. This study aims to determine the tensile strength and microstructure of ST. 37 steel which undergoes a process carburizing using coal powder with variations of two temperatures, namely 550 °C and 900 °C. The method used in this research is experimental. The first experiment by testing the tensile and the second experiment by observing the microstructure of steel ST. 37, which has been through a heating temperature of 550 °C and 900 °C. The test results showed that the higher the temperature given in the specimen, the greater the value of the pull-yielding, maximum, and fracture that occurs in the specimen. The tensile strength of steel that has undergone a carburizing process is higher than that of steel that has not undergone a carburizing process. The microstructure after the carburizing process shows that the higher the temperature applied during the carburizing process, the atoms contained therein will change according to the given temperature.
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