Routing selection and supporting Quality of Service (QoS) are fundamental problems in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Many different protocols have been proposed in the literature and some performance simulations are made to address this challenging task. This paper discusses the performance evaluation and comparison of two typical routing protocols; Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV) based on measuring the power consumption in network with varing of the QoS parameters. In this paper, we have studied and analyzed the impact of variations in QoS parameter combined with the choice of routing protocol, on network performance. The network performance is measured in terms of average throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), average jitter and energy consumption. The simulations are carried out in NS-3. The simulation results show that DSDV and AODV routing protocols are less energy efficient. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the directions for the future design of routing protocol which would be better than the existing ones in terms of energy utilization and delivery ratio.
Total thyroidectomy is considered the best choice for thyroids carcinoma. However, it is still controversial for benign thyroid diseases because of higher complication rates. But meticulous surgical techniques by expert surgeons can avoid most of the complications and thereby avoid the risk of reoperation for any recurrences. The objective of the study was to evaluate and justify the use of total thyroidectomy in benign thyroid diseases especially in multinodular goiter and Grave’s disease. We have carried out an ongoing prospective study of thyroidectomy cases for different indications over a span of 5 years, from 2012 to 2016; in the Surgery department, Al-Thowra teaching hospital, Al-Beida. The total number of operated cases was 353. Cases were distributed according to age, sex, diagnosis and operative procedures. Various complications encountered were enlisted. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 247 cases for MNG and Thyroid malignancy. Hemi-thyroidectomy or lobectomy was done in 82 cases for solitary nodules. Enucleation of cysts was done in 6 cases. Operations were done for recurrent nodules in 18 cases. Overall complications were few and only minor. We recommend total thyroidectomy for all cases of MNG; which will reduce the risk of recurrence and development of malignancy in residual thyroid tissue. It also can prevent secondary thyrotoxicosis.
The IEEE 802.11 standards provide multi-rates capabilities; therefore, network devices adapt their transmission rate dynamically under varying conditions to achieve high network performance. Rate adaption is a critical component of network performance. High mobility environment and large transmission distance are challenging problems. These problems cause dramatically degradation in wireless network performance. In this paper we will present a solution to overcome these problems based on RRAA. There are two main contributions of the paper: introducing/updating performance evaluation study conducted in IEEE 802.11 networks for most existing rate adaptation algorithms; the simulation results showed that the RRAA has the best performance except for long transmission distance and mixed mobility channel condition and (ii) introducing a modified RRAA algorithm to address the weakness of RRAA. Modified RRAA uses hybrid technique between fixed and adaptive rates. Moreover, it uses adaptive packet size during transmission to achieve maximum throughput of channel. The extensive experiments showed that, Modified RRAA outperforms pure RRAA solutions; with throughput improvement up to 63.27 % in scenarios containing mixed mobility at long transmission distance between nodes.Keywords Robust rate adaptation algorithm (RRAA) ⋅ Adaptive automatic rate fallback (AARF) ⋅ Collision rate adaption algorithm (CARA)
Background: Bacteria have been involved in the aetiopathogenesis of acute appendicitis. The known of bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity mode will assist in modulating treatment regime for acute appendicitis. Aim: This study aimed to find out the incidence of the offending organisms in acute appendicitis to determine the most effective antibiotic in a local population in Albyda city. Methods: Patients with acute appendicitis presenting between January 2019 and December 2019 were studied, At surgery 1cm rim of appendix was cut from the base and sent into the transport medium. The specimen was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed. Results: Sixty patients were conscript; Escherchia coli, gram negative bacilli were the commonest organism isolated. They were sensitive to) ciprofluxacin (65%), chloramphnical (60%) and third generation cephalosporins (52%) resistant to amoxycilin with clavulanic acid and tetracycline. The anaerobes were sensitive to metronidazole (96.5%).
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