The mean annual incidence rates of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Arab children and adolescents in Benghazi, Libya were assessed as based on prospective registration of patients during the period 1981-1990. Results showed an annual incidence (per 100,000) of 7.0 (6.0-8.2) (males 6.3(5.0-7.9) females 7.8(6.3-9.7)) in 0-14 year olds and 8.8(7.8-10.0) (males 8.3(6.9-10.0), females 9.2(7.7-11.0)) in 0-19 year olds. There were no significant differences between males and females or between season of onset. The commonest age of onset was 15-19 years. Annual variations were significant in the 0-14 years age group (p < 0.001) and non-significant in the 0-19 years age group. In 1981 the age adjusted prevalence rates of Type 1 patients (per 100,000) were 23.5 (17.1-31.5) (males 21.2(13.1-32.3), females 25.9(16.8-38.3)) in 0-14 year olds and 36.2(29.1-45.1) (males 31.4(22.2-43.2), females 41.0(30.2-54.5)) in 0-19 year olds. In 1990 the prevalence rates had increased to 37.3(30.5-45.5) (males 40.7(30.8-53.3), females 33.8 (24.6-45.3)) in 0-14 year olds and 59.5(51.6-58.5) (males 60.3(49.3-73.6), females 58.6 (47.7-72.1)) in 0-19 year olds. Increase in prevalence rates was significant in both sexes and in both age groups (p < 0.001). Increase in prevalence rates in girls in 1981 and in boys in 1990 were not significant. It is concluded that Type 1 diabetes is a common chronic disease of children and adolescents in Benghazi, Libya.

Background Puberty is a period of rapid growth and hormonal changes and is often characterized by deterioration in glycemic control, and all of these factors may promote the development of diabetes complications . Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a serious disease and it causes a number of chronic diseases such as Ketoacidosis, cardiovascular disease, renal failure, and neuropathy. The purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge level of student regarding diabetic management and its effect on their health. Methods: A descriptive study design was used. A non-probability Convince sample of diabetic children/ adolescents the total sample 85 child/ adolescents patient met the study criteria age between 10 to 15 years. The study was conducted at in one governmental health care center in Riyadh city. Knowledge was measured by using (DKT) used to assess diabetes related knowledge of the respondents as regards diagnosis, treatment, complications and lifestyle. Results. The result showed that two third of the children (42.2%) were in the age group more than 14years (i.e. early adolescence stage), 99% of the children had type 1 diabetes mellitus (48.4% males and 50.6% females). While 41.5%, for both gender had the onset of diabetes since 1 year. More than have used insulin two times a day (55.6%), the majority of the sample didn't know which type of insulin they used (57.8%) As regard children's if they do reds blood sugar at home moat more than half do it twice a day in addition the majority used blood test by strips. Also in this study the older children were found more educative and development in their self-care than younger children CONCLUSION This research is an important first step in identifying areas for continued intervention efforts for children/adolescents with type I diabetes, their parents, nurses and diabetes educators. Future researchers should examine additional factors related to children's and adolescents' knowledge, including differences in what they know and want to know based on the child's gender, age, glycemic control, and diabetes management practices.

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Background: Diabetes is predicted to become the seventh leading cause of death in the world by the year 2030. In adolescence self-image is being constructed and diabetes self-care becomes an integral part of daily life. Diabetes management is better when parents remain involved in diabetes care through parental monitoring, a construct frequently measured as parents' overall knowledge of their adolescents' illness management. The main aim of this study was to assess the Knowledge of Saudi Female Teenagers and Their Mothers Regarding Management of type I Diabetes in the Abha. Methods:The study was carried out in Abha diabetic center. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. A non-probability, convenience sample of diabetic Saudi female teenagers (150) and their mothers (150) was required. The researcher prepared a two-sheet questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed from a modified Simplified Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT) derived from the Revised Diabetes Knowledge Scale, developed by Lloyd (2011) and Fitzgerald (1998), diabetes self-management and the day care diabetes education questionnaire.Results: More the two third of mothers 30 years old and more, and 46% their level of education secondary school and more but more than two third were home wife. On the other hand, more than two third of diabetic teenage were their age 16-19 years, and 50% intermediate school age. The teenager girls and their mothers (72%, 63%) respectively not participate at any classes related to health education about management. Although only 7% not have any diabetic complication and statistical analysis show highly significant different between response of mothers and their daughters. In general, it is obvious that most of the mother do not aware or do not carefully follow their daughters in respect of diabetes self-management through diet, physical practice and blood glucose level. Also, mothers' characteristics do not influence on daughters' knowledge level about diabetes self-management. The only factor that has a significant influence on teen females' knowledge was the duration since diagnosed as diabetic.Conclusions: According to the results of the study, it is concluded that both mother and their daughter had lack of awareness and knowledge in most of aspects of diabetes management so the researcher suggested family-based interventions, implementation of home visit programs and integrated ongoing programs of education, monitoring and support for young people and their families living with diabetes are needed. Further research needs and the paradigm used in the present study should be expanded to include fathers, other family members and friends.