In the first workshop on teaching photonics at the Egyptian faculties and institutes, we discussed how to prepare a photonics specialist and how to establish a strong link between teaching places and industry. The experimental part is a very important one in the photonics teaching process. Here, we discuss how to improve the photonics teaching process through the experimental supports . Proposals for optimizing the use and minimizing the cost of experimental arrangements are highlighted. Actual examples of practical applications of each proposal are mentioned. 1.INTRODUCTIONNowadays, photonics branch has wide applications in communication, industrial, biomedical and military fields [ 1 ] .This makes the improving and upgrading of the photonics teaching process an essential goal. Like any other scientific field., the experimental part in photonics teaching plays a very important role both tin illustrating and in proving the theoretical part .Also when the student performs an experiment, he aquires the practical ski& which are necessary for his qualifications.General€y, photonics experimental devices and systems are more expensive than those of the other fields like electricity and mechanics. This stems from two main facts: the first is that photonics components, devices and systems require very high precision and accuracy of production, assembly and set up ; and the second is that photonics systems are not frequently used like the systems of other fields; which makes their production rate less , hence their prices are higher than any other systems. In this paper, we discuss several proposals to increase the efficiency and decrease the expenses of the experimental supports in phatonics teaching.
A proposal includes the objectives profile, the topics and the experimental supports needed for graduating the engineering students to be specialists in this branch has been investigated. Continuous education to provide the graduates with the latest technology and the suggestions for graduate studies have been discussed. Finally, establishing a strong link between the teaching institutions, the research centers, and industry is examined.Today, preparation of a specialist in photonics is a must.
E-currency is a form of digital currency that employs encryption to safeguard transactions, limit the manufacture of new units, and verify asset transfers. Bitcoin exchange rates and returns are the primary subjects of this study. In order to measure volatility, the standard deviation of logarithmic returns is determined. This study used a special test to determine whether or not the data were normal. Findings of high volatility were also made using a plot, a statistical process control chart, and other methods. Normality test (casual test) has been investigated accordingly to approve and validate the results. The F-test has been considered as the main indicator for the validity of the results. It has been based on the F-value of 9.3. As well as the financial performance has been done using the time and currency with upper and lower limits. The maximum limit is 34 with a G-value of 0.34. Furthermore, market return-based e-currency has been investigated and analyzed using free and fixed limits for both main variables time and currency. According to these data, the greatest value is 23 in fixed limit circumstances, while it is 18.4 in broad trend cases. The financial performance-based ANP method has been examined using the ANP approach with return values for the currency. The upper limit reached 544 with 0.43 as a G-value. An increasing number of people are valuing volatility. Because of the present high level of volatility, investing in Bitcoin is seen as a high-risk endeavor. The purpose of this study is to assist investors in developing a strategy that maximizes returns while minimizing risk
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