General aviation (GA) maintenance ergonomics has been a largely understudied area. It is known that risks for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) occur in other types of maintenance. This paper presents an approach to ergonomic evaluations in a GA maintenance workshop for tasks of recovering aircraft wings. First, a high-level analysis and resulting job/task hierarchy were completed. The task hierarchy suggested that the recovering tasks for three different types of aircraft wings present different musculoskeletal risks to maintainers. Next, ergonomic screening tools were used to evaluate the work performed on each wing type. Finally, based on the screening, more detailed ergonomic analyses were performed. Results indicated that risks to the low back as well as hands and wrists are present in these tasks with risks largely dependent on task duration. Evaluation tools used and suggestions for further research in this work domain are discussed.
This study was undertaken to explore the history of the use of the term human-computer-interaction (HCI) over two decades of the journal Human Factors. Results show that while some work may have been accomplished in the first ten years, the work wasn't identified as HCI, except at a rate of approximately two articles per year. After 1995 the incidence in the use of HCI as a topical reference increased, and from 2001 – 2004 there were significantly more articles on this topic. The articles were written by scientists around the world, employed in all areas of the field. This research attempts to show how HCI has evolved over these 20 years, to identify any trends in the research, and to provide suggestions for future research, including search methodologies. Specific information will be provided to use in planning future work, such as procedures, descriptions of apparatus, dependent variables and other methodological information.
This study was designed to empirically examine equipment and system monitoring task features of the new MultiAttribute Task Battery-I I (MATB-II) and the original version (MATB). It also was intended to examine the effects of adaptive task allocation on system monitoring performance, as found in previous studies. In addition, two different computer displays (CRT and LCD) were used to test performance differences between the two systems in order to add historical fidelity to the study results. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups (MATB or MATB-II both on CRT or LCD), all receiving a return to manual control of the system monitoring task at mid experiment. A fifth group using the MATB on CRT with no task allocation was the control. Measures used to compare the two systems included percent of automation failures detected by participants in the system monitoring task and subjective workload. Results failed to show significance for the adaptive task allocation manipulation. However, significant differences in monitoring performance were found between the two systems. Implications for design of display and equipment features and future research are discussed.
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