There is a paucity of research in feline aging. The authors have drawn on expert opinion and available data in both the cat and other species.
A 48 year old, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative, immunocompetent male patient had a chronic progressive pulmonary infiltrate, without radiological cavitation, in the middle lobe of the right lung produced by Rhodococcus equi. He reported direct contact with a diseased dog.The patient was diagnosed by thoracotomy and treated by lobectomy. After 16 months of follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and had neither recurrence nor immunological disturbances. Eur Respir J., 1997; 10: 248-250 There have been few reports of pulmonary infection caused by Rhodococcus equi in immunocompetent hosts. R. equi is a common pathogen in herbivores, particularly domesticated species. It rarely produces human disease, and infected subjects are usually persons with impaired immunity. Eleven cases of infection by R. equi in patients without impaired immunity have been reported in the literature, and four of these cases have involved pulmonary disease [1][2][3].We report the case of a patient with chronic progressive pulmonary infiltrate in the right middle lobe produced by R. equi. The patient treated by lobectomy. The characteristics of the case differed from those reported in other immunocompetent patients. Case reportA 48 year old male was referred to our hospital in August 1993 for investigation of a persistent pulmonary infiltrate with homolateral pleural effusion. He was a nonsmoker and had no medical history other than symptoms suggestive of gastro-oesophageal reflux.The patient's condition had arisen 10 months previously with 39°C fever, dry cough, and right pleuritic chest pain. He was diagnosed as having right basal pneumonia and treated with macrolides, leading to disappearance of the fever and improvement in the cough. He subsequently presented four similar clinical recurrences.Clinical exploration at admission disclosed a decrease in the vesicular murmur in the lower third of the right lung. Laboratory analyses disclosed decreased haemoglobin level (7.3 mmol·L -1 ) and haematocrit (0.37), and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (92 mm·h -1 ), and triglyceride (2.29 mmol·L -1 ) and glucose (6.38 mmol·L -1 ) levels. The leucocyte count (9.14 ×10 9 cells·L -1 ), formula, and other analytical parameters were normal. A tuberculin test was negative. Serological studies for respiratory viruses, mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia, and other respiratory microorganisms showed no changes in titres. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology was negative.The patient's radiographs from 7 months earlier showed a well-delimited nodular image in the outer part of the right middle lobe, and involvement of the fissure and right cardiophrenic sinus. Computed axial tomography (CAT) performed 5 months before admission showed improvement in the nodular image, condensation in the right middle lobe, and discrete pleural thickening. A further CAT performed 1 month later showed disappearance of the nodular image, increased condensation and loss of volume in the right middle lobe. On admission, the radiograph and CAT of t...
There is a paucity of research in feline aging. The authors draw on expert opinion and available data in both the cat and other species.
No abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the outcome of dietary management of canine noninfectious acute colitis with or without concurrent oral administration of metronidazole using a randomized controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS 59 client-owned dogs with noninfectious acute colitis. PROCEDURES Dogs with acute noninfectious colitis were enrolled in a 30-day diet trial after exclusion of parasitic infectious etiologies (fecal centrifugation floatation, Giardia/Cryptosporidium antigen testing) and systemic disease (CBC, biochemistry, urinalysis). Dogs were randomized into 3 placebo-controlled groups: group 1, easily digestible diet + placebo tablet; group 2, easily digestible diet + metronidazole tablet; and group 3, psyllium-enhanced easily digestible diet + placebo tablet. Dogs were evaluated serially using fecal scoring for time to remission, average fecal score, relapse after remission, and dysbiosis index. RESULTS Median remission time was significantly different among the 3 groups (P < .01) with median times of 5 days (range, 4 to 10) for group 1, 8.5 days (range, 7 to 12) for group 2, and 5 days (range, 3 to 6) for group 3. Metronidazole addition affected the fecal dysbiosis index negatively at days 7 to 10. No adverse effects or complications were noted throughout the study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE For canine noninfectious acute colitis, dietary management with an easily digestible diet with or without psyllium enhancement proved a superior management strategy compared to metronidazole. The omission of metronidazole reduced the adverse impact significantly on intestinal microbiota. Longitudinal clinical trials are necessary to compare the long-term response, stability, and complications associated with dietary management alone versus combined dietary and antimicrobial therapy for canine acute colitis.
Management of feline chronic gastroenteropathies has included intervention with both veterinary therapeutic formulas designed to manage non-specific gastrointestinal disorders and those designed with limited novel or hydrolyzed ingredients for management of food-responsive enteropathies and steroid-responsive enteropathies (inflammatory bowel disease). There have been few studies evaluating the use of dietary intervention for the management of feline chronic gastroenteropathy. This prospective, multi-center study evaluated the use of two commercially available feline veterinary therapeutic dry diets designed to manage non-specific gastrointestinal disorders in 28 cats with a history of chronic vomiting and/or diarrhea. The majority of cats enrolled in the study had a history of vomiting (n = 25), with a smaller number having a history of concurrent diarrhea (n = 2) or diarrhea alone (n = 3). Cats were excluded if diagnostic tests identified any systemic or infectious disease that could be associated with the clinical signs of vomiting or diarrhea, and if they were panhypoproteinemic, hypoalbuminemic, hypocobalaminemic, or had a Spec fPL ≥5.4 µg/L. Cats were randomized to one of two veterinary therapeutic diets for 4 weeks. Feeding of both therapeutic diets resulted in a numeric reduction in the number of vomiting episodes over the 4-week period, but no significant differences were seen between dietary interventions. When looking within dietary groups, significant differences were seen in cats fed Diet A with reductions of 69.1, 73.3, and 63.2% (p values of 0.008, 0.003, and 0.029) in weeks 2, 3, and 4, respectively, when compared to week 0. The probability of vomiting also showed significant reductions in cats fed Diet A between weeks 0 and 2, 3, and 4, with odds ratios of 0.008, 0.005, and 0.005, respectively (p values of 0.038, 0.23, and 0.23). Results of this study demonstrate that a veterinary therapeutic gastrointestinal formula can be effective in the management of feline chronic vomiting. Cats that fail to respond to this dietary approach after a 2- to 4-week trial may benefit from a limited novel or hydrolyzed ingredient formula and may require additional diagnostics to better characterize the underlying disease.
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