The relationship between climate change and sustainable development has rarely been studied, particularly in the context of the built environment development assessment tools and adaptation to both short-and long-term climate change impacts. This research attempts to present a framework to investigate the capacity of three neighborhood sustainability assessment (NSA) tools to enable adaptation to climate change impacts, which are defined here in relation to both physical and social contexts. There are two sets of components that create the structure for the systematic framework. First, the need to address both short-term and long-term impact scenarios, in particular, temperature and precipitation, when analyzing the water sector. It is argued that the adaptive capacity should consider the supply, consumption, and disposal as physical characteristics, and governance and management as social characteristics. To operate this analysis framework the analysis, we argue secondly that both resilience and vulnerability are valuable in analysis of the adaptive capacity in order to identify points of adaptation and exposure. Finally, the resulting analytical framework is applied to three example NSAs, BREEAM COMMUNITIES, LEED-ND, and CASBEE-UD and compares their capacity to enable adaptive capacity. The paper concludes that the three tools have a higher capacity in adapting the physical components to the climate change impacts, than the social, where the latter have shown a noticeable vulnerability in covering issues such as stakeholders' governance, local community participation, and community management, despite the importance of such factors in addressing adaptive capacity to climate change, resulting from both short-and long-term risk scenarios.
This paper aims to establish a better understanding of the adaptation potential that can be provided through the use of Neighbourhood Sustainability Assessment tools, and how the adaptation effects and is affected by stakeholder collaboration and learning issues provided through the use of Neighbourhood Sustainability tools. An analytical framework will be developed which reviews of concepts and theories of system approach to adaptive management is presented. Characteristics of system approach and adaptive management are discussed across the stages of the development process, considering feedback from each stage. The framework will then be applied using BREEAM Communities tool, which illustrates that social adaptation indicators have been considered, but they need more enhancement in the long term. The paper concludes that the application of the framework that has been developed could enable evaluation of the influence of sustainability assessment tools at neighbourhood scale on organisation, participation, monitoring, risks assessment and responsibility issues towards the adaptation process at different stages of sustainable built environment.
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