Promising therapy is needed for treating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) to overcome current treatment that inefficient and associated with unnecessary health risks. Recently, the concept of incorporating natural products into nanocarriers has been intended as a promising therapy for treating IBD via modulating their stability and bioavailability. Thus, we aimed to explore the potential alleviating effects of dietary nano-supplement combined with bacillus strains (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; BANPs) in colitis model. Rats were orally gavaged by 5% DSS and the efficacy and mechanistic actions of BANPs were evaluated by assessing the severity of clinical signs and inflammatory and apoptosis response, histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination in colonic tissues. The severity of clinical signs was successfully alleviated and fecal Lcn-2 levels, an important colitic marker, were decreased in BANPs then free BA treated groups. In contrast, inflammatory markers overexpression IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, COX-2, and iNOS in the colitic group were reduced more prominently in BANPs treated group, unlike free BA. The amelioration of BANPs to colon injury was also correlated with oxidative stress suppression along with restoring total antioxidant capacity. Interestingly, BANPs treatment modulated apoptotic markers as proved by downregulation of cytochrome c, and caspase-3 and upregulation of Bcl-2 and Bax than free BA. The severity of the histopathological alterations in the colon was greatly reduced in BANPs than free BA groups. Remarkably, over-expression of ki67 and IL-6 in colonic tissues were suppressed in BANPs group. These findings together highlighted the beneficial efficacy of BANPs in IBD treatment which are evidenced by colonic inflammation alleviation. Taken together, these results recommend that BANPs is a promising agent that encourages its possible therapeutic role in colitis treatment.
Appropriate skeletal muscle development in poultry is positively related to increasing its meat production. Synthetic peptides with growth hormone-boosting properties can intensify the effects of endogenous growth hormones. However, their effects on the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles that control muscle development post-hatching in broiler chicks is unclear. Thus, we evaluated the possible effects of synthetic growth hormone-boosting peptide (GHBP) inclusion on a chicken’s growth rate, skeletal muscle development-related genes and myomiRs, serum biochemical parameters, and myofiber characteristics. A total of 400 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four groups supplied with GHBP at the levels of 0, 100, 200 and 300 μg/kg for 7 days post-hatching. The results showed that the highest levels of serum IGF-1 and GH at d 20 and d 38 post-hatching were found in the 200 μg/kg GHBP group. Targeted gene expression analysis in skeletal muscle revealed that the GHBP effect was more prominent at d 20 post-hatching. The maximum muscle development in the 200 μg/kg GHBP group was fostered by the upregulation of IGF-1, mTOR, myoD, and myogenin and the downregulation of myostatin and the Pax-3 and -7 genes compared to the control group. In parallel, muscle-specific myomiR analysis described upregulation of miR-27b and miR-499 and down-regulation of miR-1a, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206 in both the 200 and 300 μg/kg GHBP groups. This was reflected in the weight gain of birds, which was increased by 17.3 and 11.2% in the 200 and 300 μg/kg GHBP groups, respectively, when compared with the control group. Moreover, the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio was achieved in the 200 μg/kg GHBP group. The myogenic effects of GHBP were also confirmed via studying myofiber characteristics, wherein the largest myofiber sizes and areas were achieved in the 200 μg/kg GHBP group. Overall, our findings indicated that administration of 200 μg/kg GHBP for broiler chicks could accelerate their muscle development by positively regulating muscle-specific mRNA and myomiR expression and reinforcing myofiber growth.
The current study was performed to investigate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) through the evaluation of kidney function tests and histopathological examination of renal tissues, targeting the therapeutic role of Marjoram (Origanum vulgare essential oil-OEO) in improving health status. Forty-eight New Zealand Whites growing rabbits (four weeks old) weighing on average 660.5 ± 2.33 g were randomly and equally distributed into four groups, each of which had four replicas of three animals as the following: Control group (only basal diet), AFB1 group (0.3 mg AFB1/kg diet), OEO group (1 g OEO/kg diet) and co-exposed group (1 g OEO/kg + 0.3 mg AF/kg diet). Our study lasted eight weeks and was completed at 12 weeks of age. The results revealed that OEO decreased the toxic effects of AFB1 in rabbit kidneys by substantially reducing the cystatin C levels in the AFB1 group. Additionally, OEO decreased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation levels in the co-exposed group. Moreover, OEO reduced DNA damage and inflammatory response in addition to the down-regulation of stress and inflammatory cytokines-encoding genes. Besides, OEO preserved the cytoarchitecture of rabbits’ kidneys treated with AFB1. In conclusion, O. vulgare essential oil supplementation ameliorated the deleterious effects of AFB1 on the rabbits’ kidneys by raising antioxidant levels, decreasing inflammation, and reversing oxidative DNA damage.
There is a massive amount of different information and data in the World Wide Web, and the number of Arabic users and contents is widely increasing. Information extraction is an essential issue to access and sort the data on the web. In this regard, information extraction becomes a challenge, especially for languages, which have a complex morphology like Arabic. Consequently, the trend today is to build a new corpus that makes the information extraction easier and more precise. This paper presents Arabic linguistically analyzed corpus, including dependency relation. The collected data includes five fields; they are a sport, religious, weather, news and biomedical. The output is CoNLL universal lattice file format (CoNLL-UL). The corpus contains an index for the sentences and their linguistic meta-data to enable quick mining and search across the corpus. This corpus has seventeenth morphological annotations and eight features based on the identification of the textual structures help to recognize and understand the grammatical characteristics of the text and perform the dependency relation. The parsing and dependency process conducted by the universal dependency model and corrected manually. The results illustrated the enhancement in the dependency relation corpus. The designed Arabic corpus helps to quickly get linguistic annotations for a text and make the information Extraction techniques easy and clear to learn. The gotten results illustrated the average enhancement in the dependency relation corpus.
The structural characteristic of the main olfactory bulb (MOB) shows species-dependent variations. However, the correlation of such structure with olfactory function as well as with the ecological and evolutionary behaviours is less understood. Therefore, the aim of the current investigation was to elucidate the species differences of the structure of MOB in two ecologically diverse species, dogs and goats. For that purpose, thirteen heads of each species were obtained. The brains and the olfactory bulbs were dissected for anatomical, histological and immunohistochemical analyses for detection of glial fibril acidic protein (GFAP) and chromogranin A. Anatomically, the volume of the olfactory bulb to the whole brain volume was higher in dogs (1.74%) than goats (0.57%). Histologically, the main olfactory bulbs were organized in the following layers: the olfactory nerve layer (ONL), the glomerular layer (GL), the external plexiform layer (EPL), the mitral cell layer (MCL), internal plexiform layer (IPL) , the granule cell layer (GCL) and a periventricular layer (PVL). Enormous number of juxtaglomerular and mitral cells, thickness of GL, EPL and GCL were significantly greater in dogs than goats. Immunohistochemically, the integrated density percentage of GFAP and chromogranin A was significantly higher in dogs than goats. The average number of mitral cell neurons in a standard area was significantly higher in dogs (6 ±.37) than goats (3.16 ±.31). Therefore, our data suggested that such apparent structural difference of MOB between the dog and the goat could be correlated with superior olfactory sensitivity and subsequently the ecological and lifestyle behaviour of dogs.
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a common organophosphorus insecticide. It is associated with negative consequences such as neurotoxicity and reproductive injury. This study aimed to observe the ability of olive leaf extract to attenuate chlorpyrifos toxicity, which induced neuro- and reproductive toxicity in male albino rats. Olive leaf extract (OLE) exhibits potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Twenty-two mature male rats were divided into four groups: control (saline), CPF (9 mg/kg), OLE (150 mg/kg), and CPF + OLE. Treatment was administered orally for 80 days. The CPF significantly reduced serum sex hormones, sperm counts and motility, high oxidants (MDA), and depleted antioxidants (GSH, SOD, TAC) in the brain and testes homogenate; additionally, it decreased serum AChE and brain neurotransmitters, increased Bax, decreased Bcl-2, and boosted caspase-3 immune expression in neural and testicular cells. Immunological expression of Ki 67 in the cerebrum, cerebellum, choroid plexus, and hippocampus was reduced, and α-SMA in testicular tissue also decreased. Histopathological findings were consistent with the above impacts. OLE co-administration significantly normalized all these abnormalities. OLE showed significant protection against neural and reproductive damage caused by CPF.
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) shares in part pathogenic mechanisms of multiple genetic interactions. Some ofT2D susceptibility genes are encountered in association with GDM. Objective: We aimed to investigate for GST T1, M1 and G972R IRS-I gene polymorphisms with the risk of developing GDM. Patients and methods: In this randomized case-control study, pregnant women with GDM were genotyped for by PCR analysis for glutathione s-transferase-T1, M1 variant polymorphisms. RFLP was done for the G972R IRS 1 gene. Their newborns were additionally assayed for whole of the clinical, laboratory and genetic aspects. Results: The T allele, IRS-1rs1801278 TT genotype were frequently detected in GDM mothers in comparison to healthy control ones [for TT homozygous variant; OR(CI 95%): 2.05(1.09-3.87, p: 0.025].Furthermore, GST T1 null was significantly presented in GDM mothers than those of control mother [OR (CI95%: 0.29 (0.084-1.02), p:0.04].Added to the significant correlation of glycemic indices to clinical parameters of infants born to GDM, M1-null genotype of GST was significantly correlated (p<0.05) to abnormal values of respiratory rates and 1 minute-APGAR scores noted for extra NICU care. Conclusion: Our results suggested GST T1null and IRS-1 TT genotypic variants were claimed for GDM development among Egyptian women with possible impact on their newly born infants.
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