Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that is reported to cause serious hepatic injury in some patients. To investigate the possibility that protein adducts derived from reactive intermediates of diclofenac might be responsible for the hepatotoxicity produced by this drug, we recently developed polyclonal antisera that recognized protein adducts of diclofenac. In the present study, we have characterized further the diclofenac adducts in rat liver. Immunoblotting studies showed that diclofenac-labeled hepatic proteins were formed in a dose- and time-dependent manner in rats given diclofenac. Subcellular fractionation of liver homogenates from diclofenac-treated rats showed that a 50-kDa microsomal protein and 110-, 140-, and 200-kDa plasma membrane proteins were labeled preferentially. Immunofluorescence studies of isolated hepatocytes and immunohistochemical analysis of liver slices from diclofenac-treated mice and rats confirmed that plasma membrane proteins were labeled by diclofenac metabolites and showed that the bile canalicular domain of the plasma membrane was a major site of diclofenac adduct formation. Additionally, we found that cytochrome P-450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, but not acyl-CoA synthase, catalyzed the formation of reactive intermediates of diclofenac that were bound covalently to proteins in vitro. The metabolites catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 in vitro were bound exclusively to a 50-kDa microsomal protein, even in the presence of albumin. In contrast, the 110-, 140-, and 200-kDa plasma membrane proteins as well as others appeared to be labeled when diclofenac was activated by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has been implicated in several cases of severe hepatotoxicity. Our previous study showed that diclofenac metabolites bound covalently and selectively to rat liver plasma membrane proteins with estimated monomeric masses of 110, 140, and 200 kDa. We report here that we have identified the 110 kDa diclofenac-labeled protein in rat liver as dipeptidyl peptidase IV, also known as CD26. In addition, we found that the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in liver plasma membrane fractions was lowered after diclofenac treatment of rats. These results suggest that the hepatotoxicity associated with diclofenac might be due, in part, to the covalent modification of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.

No abstract