Theoretically derived social-emotional programs that are culturally sensitive, developmentally appropriate, and offered in multiple grades can reduce multiple risk behaviors for inner-city African American boys in grades 5 through 8. The lack of effects for girls deserves further research.
Findings support including children as reporters in clinical assessment of SCD pain. Integration of assessment strategies into home-based pain management may improve health outcomes. Future research should target biobehavioral treatment for pediatric SCD pain.
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