Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections are the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally. The latter has contributed to a variety of adverse outcomes for both sexes. Moreover, in Brazil, epidemiological studies on patients with STIs are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of TV and its association with HPV in women undergoing cervical cancer screening. Methods Women with a normal cervix were recruited from a community-based cervical cancer screening program. Gynecological examinations were conducted, and questionnaires were provided. Vaginal canal and uterine cervix samples were collected for cytological examinations (reported using the 2001 Bethesda System) and tested for the presence of TV and HPV DNA. Results In total, 562 women who attended public primary healthcare were included in the study. The T. vaginalis was present in 19.0% (107) and HPV DNA was present in 46.8% (263) of women. Among the women of TV 73.8% (79) had a co-infection with HPV (p = 0.001). Conclusions We concluded that a TV infection is associated with an HPV infection of the cervix as well as with the cervical cytological abnormalities. Further studies could reveal the mechanisms by which these two organisms interact at the cellular level, with control for shared behavioral risk factors.
The prevalence of HPV in the oral cavity was significantly higher in women who had genital HPV (P < 0.0001). Oral sex, alcohol, and tobacco consumption were not associated with the oral HPV infection.
Self-medication is the consumption of non-prescription medicines, where the patient decides which drug to use. This practice can cause damage to health or mask symptoms of serious diseases. Medicines turned into important elements and powerful tools in the recovery and maintenance of health and quality of life; however, there are risks associated with their use that can be minimized by investing in drug utilization studies. The elderly consume more medications than other age groups, being susceptible to irrational use of therapeutic drugs. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants associated with the practice of self-medication in the 60-year-old or older population in the city of Barretos. The study was conducted out in the urban zone of the city and the questionnaires were handed out in a sample population of 122 individuals aged 60 years or more. Data were processed and analyzed using percentage. Of the total (122 patients), 11,48% reported use of only prescribed medications and 88,52% consume no prescribed medications. It was observed in the group that used medicines without medical prescription, the drugs used most often were analgesics and antipyretics (76,23%). Among the reasons they gave for self-medication, headache was the most frequent one (66,69%), followed by fever (61,48%). These findings suggest that there is out of the control in drugs purchase by the elderly in this region, favoring the occurrence of harmful consequences of self-medication.KEywORDS: self-medication, elderly, professional, pharmaceutical, drugs.resumo Automedicação é o consumo de medicamentos não prescritos, onde o paciente decide qual substância usar. Essa prática pode provocar danos à saúde ou mascarar sintomas de doenças mais graves. O medicamento se tornou um elemento importante na recuperação e garantia da qualidade de vida; no entanto, há riscos evitáveis associados a seu uso que podem ser minimizados pela racionalização do consumo desses produtos. Os idosos consomem mais medicamentos que outros grupos etários, sendo mais suscetíveis ao uso irracional desses. Esse estudo objetivou identificar os determinantes associados à prática da automedicação em idosos da cidade de Barretos/São Paulo/Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido na zona urbana da cidade de Barretos-SP, e os questionários aplicados em uma amostra populacional de 122 indivíduos entre 60 anos ou mais. Os dados foram processados e analisados através das porcentagens. Do total (122 pacientes), 11,48% relataram utilizar apenas medicamentos prescritos e 88,52% consomem medicamentos sem prescrição. Os fármacos mais consumidos pelos idosos que praticam automedicação são os analgésicos e antipiréticos (76,23%). Dentre as justificativas apresentadas para a automedicação, cefaleia foi a mais frequente (66,69%), seguida por febre (61,48%). Esses achados sugerem falta de controle sobre a aquisição de medicamentos por idosos dessa região, favorecendo a ocorrência das consequências danosas da automedicação.
This study aims to analyze the behaviour of cardiac autonomic modulation in adolescents with a family history of hypertension along with polymorphism of the ACE gene (rs1799752). The study involved 141 adolescents, with a mean age of 14.89, divided into the following six groups: offspring of normotensive parents (ONP): DD, DI and II; and offspring of hypertensive parents (OHP): DD, DI and II. Blood pressure, body composition, family history of hypertension, sleep disorder, and sexual maturation were assessed for the groups' characterization. Afterwards, an electrocardiogram was performed, and oral mucosal cells were collected to analyze heart rate variability and genotypic research of angiotensin‐converting enzyme. The main finding of this study was the decrease of vagal action in group OHP (genotype DD) relative to group ONP (genotype II): LF (%), 54.25 ± 3.14 vs 39.33 ± 3.80; HF (%), 45.74 ± 3.14 vs 60.66 ± 3.80; LF/HF, 1.48 ± 0.23 vs 0.68 ± 0.19. The results also showed changes in the variable diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in OHP (genotype DI) to ONP (genotype II) groups: 72.99 ± 2.33 vs 63.27 ± 1.72; and OHP (genotype DI) to ONP (genotype DD) groups. Adolescents with genotype DD and a family history of arterial hypertension present chances in cardiac autonomic modulation, the cardiac parasympathetic modulation is lower in these adolescents in comparison to participants of ONP + II group.
Background:Obesity is a chronic inflammatory condition that has been associated to a risk factor for the development of periodontitis and cardiovascular disease; however, the relationship still needs to be clarified. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk in obese patients with chronic periodontitis.Materials and Methods:A total of 87 obese patients were evaluated for anthropometric data (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, body fat), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, glycemia and periodontal parameters (visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL)).Results:Patients were divided into two groups according to the periodontal characteristics found: Group O-PD: Obese patients with chronic periodontitis (n = 45), 22 men and 23 women; and Group O-sPD: Obese patients without chronic periodontitis (n = 42), 17 men and 25 women. Patients had a BMI mean of 35.2 (±5.1) kg/m2 . Group O-PD showed a similarity between the genders regarding age, SBP, DBP, cholesterol, HDL, GBI, VPI, PPD ≥4 mm and CAL ≥4 mm. O-PD women showed greater glycemia level and smoking occurrence, but O-PD men presented a 13% - risk over of developing coronary artery disease in 10 years than O-PD women, 9% - risk over than O-sPD men and 15% - risk over than O-sPD women, by the Framingham Score.Conclusions:It was concluded that obesity and periodontal disease are cardiovascular risk factors and that the two associated inflammatory conditions potentially increases the risk for heart diseases.
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