Populations of wild radish were collected from two fields in the northern Western Australian wheatbelt, where typical herbicide-use patterns had been practiced for the previous 17 seasons within an intensive crop production program. The herbicide resistance status of these populations clearly established that there was multiple-herbicide resistance across many herbicides from at least four modes of action. One population exhibited multiple-herbicide resistance to the phytoene desaturase (PDS)–inhibiting herbicide diflufenican (3.0-fold), the auxin analog herbicide 2,4-D (2.2-fold), and the photosystem II–inhibiting herbicides metribuzin and atrazine. Another population was found to be multiply resistant to the acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides, the PDS-inhibiting herbicide diflufenican (2.5-fold), and the auxin analog herbicide 2,4-D amine (2.4-fold). Therefore, each population has developed multiple-herbicide resistance across several modes of action. The multiple resistance status of these wild radish populations developed from conventional herbicide usage in intensive cropping rotations, indicating a dramatic challenge for the future control of wild radish.

Background: The Logan Hospital Pharmacy Department undertook a review of medication management within the operating suite (OS). Aim: This review sought to identify the medication management pathways within the OS and how the department could contribute to the safe, effective and efficient use of medications within this highly specialised environment. Method: A clinical pharmacist project officer (CPPO) visited the suite and observed, documented and reviewed the current medication management processes. Staff interviews were also conducted. Results: A number of key issues were identified. These included the process of medication storage for general and cold-chain pharmaceuticals, the dilution and wastage of pre-drawn medications and open access to restricted antimicrobials. There were also issues with inter-and intra-departmental communication. Following the project, a multi-disciplinary working group was established to address the issues raised. Conclusion: There is an active role for the pharmacist to play in the medication management cycle within the OS.

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