The role of exercise in cancer prevention and control is increasingly recognized, and based on preclinical studies, it is hypothesized that mobilization of leukocytes plays an important role in the anti-tumor effect. Thus, we examined how 10-min acute exercise modulates immune cells in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Blood samples were taken at rest, immediately after exercise and 30 min after exercise and phenotypic characterization of major leukocyte subsets was done using 9-color flow cytometry. Total leukocyte count increased by 29%, CD8+ T cell count by 34%, CD19+ B cell count by 18%, CD56+CD16+ NK cell count by 130%, and CD14+CD16+ monocyte count by 51% immediately after acute exercise. Mobilization of CD45+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD56+CD16+ cells correlated positively with exercising systolic blood pressure, heart rate percentage of age predicted maximal heart rate, rate pressure product, and mean arterial pressure. Our findings indicate that a single bout of acute exercise of only 10 min can cause leukocytosis in breast cancer patients. Mobilization of leukocytes appear to be directly related to the intensity of exercise. It is possible that the positive effect of exercise on oncologic outcome might be partly due to immune cell mobilization as documented in the present study.
We have analyzed the histopathological, clinical, and genetic characteristics in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer patients of counselled families from 1996 up to today in the southwestern Finland population. In this study we analyzed the incidence of different BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants (PV). 1211 families were evaluated, and the families were classified as 38 BRCA1 families, 48 BRCA2 families, 689 non-BRCA families and 436 other counselled families (criteria for genetic testing was not met). In those families, the study consisted of 44 BRCA1 breast and/or ovarian cancer patients, 58 BRCA2 cancer patients, 602 non-BRCA patients and 328 other counselled patients. Breast cancer mean onset was 4.6 years earlier in BRCA1 carriers compared to BRCA2 (p = 0.07, a trend) and ovarian cancer onset almost 11 years earlier in BRCA1 families (p < 0.05). In BRCA families the onset of ovarian cancer was later than 40 years, and BRCA2-origin breast cancer was seen as late as 78 years. The BRCA PV (9%) increases the risk for same patient having both ovarian and breast cancer with a twofold risk when compared to non-BRCA group (4%) (95% CI p < 0.05). Triple-negativity in BRCA1 (42%) carriers is approximately 2.6 times vs more common than in BRCA2 carriers (16%) (p < 0.05). The risk ratio for bilateral breast cancer is approximately four times when compared BRCA2 (17%) and other counselled patients’ group (4%) (p < 0.05). 27% southwestern BRCA2-families have a unique PV, and correspondingly 39% of BRCA1-families. The results of this analysis allow improved prediction of cancer risk in high-risk hereditary breast and ovarian families in southwestern Finland and improve long term follow-up programs. According to the result it could be justified to have the discussion about prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy by the age of 40 years. The possibility of late breast cancer onset in BRCA2 carriers supports the lifelong follow-up in BRCA carriers. Cancer onset is similar between BRCA2 carries and non-BRCA high-risk families. This study evaluated mutation profile of BRCA in southwestern Finland. In this study genotype–phenotype correlation was not found
Background: This study examined whether hemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cell count (WBC) associate with body adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA), when adjusted for body mass index (BMI). Methods: The cross-sectional analysis included 144 participants (42 men) with a mean age of 57.0 years and a mean BMI of 31.7 kg/m2. SB and standing time, breaks in sedentary time and PA were measured during four consecutive weeks with hip-worn accelerometers. A fasting blood sample was collected from each participant during the 4-week measurement period and analyzed using Sysmex XN and Cobas 8000 c702 analyzers. Associations of WBC, Hb and other red blood cell markers with cardiometabolic risk factors and physical activity were examined by Pearson’s partial correlation coefficient test and with linear mixed regression models. Results: In sex- and age-adjusted correlation analyses both BMI and waist circumference correlated positively with Hb, WBC, red blood cell count (RBC), and hematocrit. Hb was also positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance scores, liver enzymes, LDL, and triglyceride levels. Sedentary time correlated positively with WBC, whereas standing time correlated negatively with WBC. Lying time correlated positively with WBC, RBC, hematocrit, and Hb. Regarding SB and PA measures, only the association between lying time and RBC remained significant after adjustment for the BMI. Conclusion: We conclude that body adiposity, rather than components of SB or PA, associates with Hb levels and WBC, which cluster with general metabolic derangement.
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