This study aims to understand the experiences of families of children with special healthcare needs in rural areas in Thailand. Grounded theory (GT) was employed to understand families’ experiences when caring for children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) in rural areas. Forty-three family members from thirty-four families with CSHCN participated in in-depth interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. The constant comparative method was used for data analysis and coding analysis. Adjusting family’s life was the emergent theory which included experiencing negative effects, managing in home environment, integrating care into a community health system, and maintaining family normalization. This study describes the process that families undergo in trying to care for CSHCN while managing their lives to maintain a sense of normalcy. This theory provides some intervention opportunities for health care professionals when dealing with the complexities in their homes, communities and other ambulatory settings throughout the disease trajectory, and also indicates the importance of taking into consideration the family’s cultural background.
Objective
We synthesized the effects of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) on psychological outcomes in college and university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Method
Ten electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2021. We reviewed studies with college and university students receiving MBIs with psychological outcomes. We only reviewed studies written in English. A random‐effects model was used to compute the effect size.
Results
Overall, MBIs showed a significantly moderate improvement in anxiety (g = 0.612, 95% CI: 0.288−0.936, I2 = 77%); depression (g = 0.372, 95% CI: 0.032−0.713, I2 = 72%); and mindfulness (g = 0.392, 95% CI:0.102−0.695, I2 = 64%) compared with control groups, while these interventions had a small effect in reducing stress, but not a significant one (g = 0.295, 95% CI: −0.088 to 0.676, I2 = 77%) compared with control groups.
Conclusion
MBIs significantly improved psychological outcomes among college and university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Clinicians and health providers should consider using MBIs as alternative complementary treatment for improving and preventing anxiety and depression in college and university students during COVID‐19.
Clinical Relevance
The use of MBIs for college and university students is an effective method to decrease anxiety, depressive symptoms, and increase mindfulness. MBIs would become a very useful means of alternative complementary treatment in mental health and clinical psychiatry
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