Diuron is categorized as a probable human carcinogen by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This work is aimed to determine the optimal conditions for the catalytic degradation of Diuron in an aqueous solution with H2O2 using Algerian sodium Montmorillonite (Mont‐Na) as the catalyst. The material is characterized before and after the experiment using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, specific surface area (SBET), elemental analysis, and thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). The surface charge is determined by measuring the point of zero charge. Tests with H2O2 without Mont‐Na provide a 32% conversion rate after 8 h. However, a mixture of 1 g Mont‐Na and H2O2 increases the conversion rate to 91% after 180 min at 25 °C and pH 6.3. The Diuron disappearance is evidenced by high‐performance liquid chromatography using a UV–vis detector (HPLC/UV–vis). Specifically, 3,4‐dichloroaniline (DCA) is the only by‐product. At the basic pH values 9 and 11, a conversion rate of 72.5% is achieved with a lower contact time of 150 min. A change in temperature toward higher values results in a decrease in the degradation rate. Overall, Algerian sodium Montmorillonite is used successfully for the heterogeneous catalytic degradation of Diuron from polluted water.
In this study, solid olive wastes were suggested as adsorbents for olive mill wastewater (OMWW) clean-up. These solid olive wastes underwent thermal treatment by twostep process: carbonization at 300 • C and 400 • C, then physical activation at 800 • C and 1000 • C. Characterizations were determined by FTIR, TGA/DTA, and N 2 Adsorption-Desorption techniques. The efficiency of these new bio-adsorbents was verified on OMWW. Adsorption kinetics experiments were realized at room temperature and diluted OMWW (1/100 v/v). Evaluation of obtained activated carbons (ash, iodine value, and moisture) shows a good activity and stability in weight according to the thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the textural results of BET surface area showed a high area for activated carbons prepared from olive stones at 300 • C/800 • C (S BET = 208 ± 0.3 m 2 /g) and olive flesh at 400 • C/1000 • C (S BET = 77 ± 0.8 m 2 /g). The adsorption rates of OMWW were 91% after 120 min and 95.3% after 60 min contact time at pH = 2.0, respectively. At the end, the pH increased to neutral value. Thus, these bio-adsorbents from solid waste of olive industry can be efficient adsorbents for their liquid effluent clean-up.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified the phenylurea herbicide Diuron (C9H10Cl2N2O) as possibly carcinogenic to humans. This research is focused on the adsorbent performances of an Algerian sodium Montmorillonite (Mont-Na), for the removal of Diuron in aqueous solutions. The material is characterized before and after processing using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), specific surface area (SBET) and thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). The tests were firstly performed at 25°C and pH = 6.3. Until 61 hours of experiment, no removal was obtained in this case. After that, the experiments were carried out on Mont-Na at high temperature and medium pH (T = 45°C, pH = 6.3) and then at ambient temperature and basic pH (T = 25°C, pH = 11). The removal was increased from 74% to 91%, respectively. The equilibrium is reached after 5 hours and the adsorption capacity is between 0.74 mg/g at 45°C and 0.91 mg/g at pH = 11. The kinetic modelling shows that the pseudo-first order describes the experimental data of the Diuron adsorption on Mont-Na and the equili brium data are modelled perfectly by applying the Elovich model. The thermodynamic quantities indicate that the adsorption process on Mont-Na at pH = 6.3 is spontaneous (ΔG < 0) and endothermic (ΔH = 31.80 kJ.mol −1 ). In conclusion, under the operating conditions used, local Mont-Na proved to be an excellent material for the adsorption of Diuron in aqueous solutions. That could be very promising for sewage treatment.
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