Abstract-We propose a parallel between object-oriented system designs and living creatures. We suggest that, like any living creature, system designs are subject to diseases, which are design smells (code smells and antipatterns). Design smells are conjectured in the literature to impact the quality and life of systems and, therefore, their detection has drawn the attention of both researchers and practitioners with various approaches. With our parallel, we propose a novel approach built on models of the immune system responses to pathogenic material. We show that our approach can detect more than one smell at a time. We build and test our approach on GanttProject v1.10.2 and Xerces v2.7.0, for which manually-validated and publiclyavailable smells exist. The results show a significant improvement in detection time, precision, and recall, in comparison to the state-of-the-art approaches.
Abstract-Software systems evolve continuously, requiring continuous maintenance and development. Consequently, their architecture tends to degrade with time as it becomes less relevant to new, emerging requirements. Therefore, stability or resilience is a primary criterion for evaluating an architecture. In this paper, we propose a quantitative approach to study the evolution of the architecture of object oriented systems over time. In particular, we represent an architecture as a set of triplets (S, R, T ), where S and T represent two classes and R is a relationship linking them. We use these triplets as basic unit to measure the stability of an architecture. We show the applicability and usefulness of our approach by studying the evolution of three open source systems: JFreeChart and Xerces-J and Rhino.
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