This paper proposes a microstrip patch antenna based on the left-handed metamaterial concept, using planar periodic geometry, which results in improved characteristics. This periodic geometry is derived from fractal shapes, which have been widely used in antenna engineering. The metamaterial property was obtained as a result of the double-fractal structure on both the upper and the bottom sides of the antenna. The final structure has been optimized to enhance bandwidth, gain, and radiation characteristics of the microstrip antenna. This combination significantly improved antenna performance; our design could support an ultrawide bandwidth ranging from 4.1 to 19.4 GHz, demonstrating higher gain with an average value of 6 dBi over the frequency range and a peak of 10.9 dBi and a radiation capability directed in the horizontal plane of the antenna.
Antennas are a key element in the wireless communication world of today, however, the significant disadvantage of microstrip antennas is its low bandwidth. In this work a microstrip planar antenna with enhanced bandwidth has been discussed. This antenna can be treated as an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) microstrip antenna due to the obtained frequency range of 12.9 GHz. The enhancement derives mainly from the structure with repetitive periodic pattern applied to the antenna. The unit cell composing the periodic pattern of the antenna was simulated to verify their dispersion characteristics. The dispersion diagram showed that the phase velocity and the group velocity are in opposite direction, which means that a medium loaded with an array made of repetition of the unit cells, supports left-handed waves (backward waves). From these findings, we conclude that the antenna has metamaterial property.
Index Terms-Microstripantenna, ultrawide band, metamaterial, dispersion diagram.
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