-This paper represents a pavement design guide for highways in Sudan. It is intended to provide a simple and easily applied method for determining an appropriate pavement structure for the expected design criteria. In this paper, detailed subgrade study, socio-economic study and axle loading & traffic survey have been carried out. This is meant to provide reliable and first hand data. The main findings of this paper comprise: the Sudan subgrade soil study, the guides to choose the traffic growth rates, the trucks damage factors, the guides to arrive at the correct Equivalent Standard Axles in the design period Moreover, this paper produced a design catalogue that contain 308 pavement design section to be used in Sudan and anywhere in the globe as any other international pavement design catalogue.
A reliability design method for statically determinate and indeterminate steel transmission lines towers and poles is presented. The method is in a Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) format. The nominal load and resistance values for design are obtained from the mean values of probability distribution functions describing wind speed, radial ice thickness and yield stress. The load and resistance involving the coefficient of variation of the above variables and a target reliability index. Several cases demonstrate that use of the equations results in steel line having an actual reliability index nearly equal to the target reliability index. Probability of failure calculations by the methods of numerical integration and the design point method are discussed. The mathematical relationship between probability of failure and the reliability index is explained. The analysis and design by computer program, using reliability method gives more safety and economical results.
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