The burden of CSOM in the children studied indicates a high level of DHI in these communities within Yemen. A history of ear discharge, swimming in local pools, recurrent respiratory infections, and overcrowded housing were the strongest predictors for CSOM. There is a need for better ear care and screening programs for early detection and management of this disease.

Contributing risk factors are many and varied to obstetric, medical and nutritional factors. Studies from the world have reported that birth interval, maternal height, age, BMI during pregnancy, gestational age, family income, malaria, infectious disease, female infant, and history of clampsia and/or placenta previa are more likely to ABSTRACT Background: Low birth weight is one of the main contributors to very high infant and under-five mortality rates in developing countries. The study aimed to identify the predicting risk factors for LBW in Yemen. Methods: An institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2014 to March 2015 and September 2015 to January 2016. Study procedures have included completing a questionnaire, maternal measurement of mid upper arm circumference, testing for haemoglobin level in mothers and weighing all targeted neonates. Descriptive, cross tabling and binary logistic regression analyses were used. Results: A total of 585 mother-neonate pairs were interviewed and examined for LBW and the associated risk factors. Logistic regression analysis identified three significant independent predicting factors; maternal under-nutrition (odds ratio (OR) 11.4, 95% CI 3.8-35.2), maternal anemia (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.5-18.6) and rural residents (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.7). Conclusions: Incidence of LBW in these communities was high. Maternal under-nutrition, maternal anaemia and rural settlements were significantly associated with babies with low weight at birth. There is a need for continued focus on maternal nutrition at the time of conception and during pregnancy both for the optimum feto-maternal health and national development.

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Hepatic Tuberculosis (HTB) is a rare form of tuberculosis. The disease presentation and characteristics have been described in a number of adult cases from low resource settings, however, little is known about the disease in children. We report a case of 9-year-old boy who had a prolonged history of fever. His clinical data were nonspecific. Laboratory and imaging data were not helpful. We did laparoscope biopsy of liver and histopathological study was done, which showed chronic granulomatous inflammation. He diagnosed as Hepatic Tuberculosis and received anti tuberculosis therapy; his condition got better. The age of our case indicates that the disease can infrequently occur in children in contrast to what is written in literature.