Anti-inflammatory drugs are among the mostly used drugs in geriatrics. Geriatrics usually encounter problems of pain and inflammation and are more vulnerable to the toxicity of drugs as compared to young patients. In this review, we aimed to find out the toxic profile of drugs and the pharmacotherapy considerations for geriatric care. The diseases geriatrics mostly suffered from are osteoarthritis (OA), ankylosing spondylitis, carcinoma, and other degenerative disorders that require anti-inflammatory medicines. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids are mostly used agents for the treatment of inflammation in geriatrics. Due to the over the counter (OTC) availability, NSAIDs are mostly used and being self-medicated as well. As the pharmacokinetics of drugs get altered due to alteration in body physiology in geriatrics, the pharmacodynamics also gets affected, and hence toxicity ensues even with normal dose. Depending upon the nature of the drugs; gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular toxicities occur. Due to this reason, utmost care should be taken for pharmacotherapy practice in such population. The presence of comorbidity and poly-pharmacy will complicate drug therapy. The drugs should be used for the shortest duration possible at the lowest effective dose, and with careful surveillance to monitor toxicities. The careful evaluation of the beneficial and potential risks of the agents must be considered for pharmacotherapy practice in such populations.
COVID-19, a global pandemic, has threatened the whole world with its devastating nature. Though, initially it has affected the developed countries, the countries in low- and middle-income category also are not spared. Yemen is a country with low-income economy and has been in an ongoing civil war. The first case of COVID-19 was reported on 10th April 2020 and there have been a total of 1619 cases along with 447 total deaths as of 21st July 2020. The preventive measures such as lockdown, social distancing, and personal hygiene are practiced, however there is still lack of adequate resources for efficient healthcare facilities. No drugs and vaccines are approved to fully rely on for the treatment of COVID-19, therefore the concept of “do not take the virus and do not give the virus” with different approaches of preventive aspects through hand-washing, social distancing, wearing masks and gloves, and making people aware in mass utilizing audio-visual media are helpful. Aids from different agencies and collaborative efforts of all the stakeholders are in need for the containment of COVID-19 cases in Yemen. By strengthening and increasing healthcare set-ups and resources, preparation of management guidelines by the government and mobilizing such resources to different parts for awareness, adequate reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests, contact tracing, and safe quarantine and isolation services are essential.
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