No abstract

the CCT measurements by the pentacam and UP are highly correlated. The pentacam agrees well with UP and is a reliable alternative to UP in CCT measurements.

These results suggest a possible role of CTGF, CD105, and gelatinase B in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinal disorders.

Final visual outcome is greatly determined by the severity of the primary injury. On multivariate analysis, significant predictive factors of final VA were corneoscleral entrance wound, presence or absence of uveal prolapse, and development of retinal detachment.

Purpose Elevated plasma homocysteine is an independent risk factor for thrombosis and vascular disease. This prospective study compared plasma total homocysteine levels in patients with retinal vascular occlusive disease and in matched healthy controls. Methods We measured plasma total homocysteine in 56 consecutive patients with recently diagnosed retinal vascular occlusive disease: 36 had central retinal vein occlusion, 12 branch retinal vein occlusion, and 8 retinal artery occlusion, and compared them with 59 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Homocysteine levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Hyperhomocysteinemia was defined as a plasma homocysteine level above the 95th percentile in the control group (13.6 μmol/L). Results Mean plasma total homocysteine levels were significantly higher in patients than controls (16.1 ± 8.3 vs. 8.96 ± 5.6 μmol/L p<0.001). Mean homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the retinal vein occlusion and retinal artery occlusion groups than the control group (15.3 ± 8.2 and 20.95 ± 6.9 vs 8.96 ± 5.6 μmol/L, p<0.001). Estimates of the relative risk indicated that the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly higher in patients with retinal vascular occlusive disease than controls. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 37 (66.1%) of the 56 patients with retinal vascular occlusive disease but only 2 (3.4%) controls (odds ratio [OR] 47.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.8 - 149.9). Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 29 (60.4%) of the patients with retinal vein occlusion (OR 43.5, 95% CI 8.77 - 141.93) and in 6 (75%) patients with retinal artery occlusion (OR 85.5, 95% CI 7.49 - 1173.1). Conclusions High plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for retinal vascular occlusive disease so it may be useful to measure homocysteine in the management of these patients. A randomized, controlled trial is required to study the effect of lowering with homocysteine folic acid and other B vitamins on the risk of recurrent vascular occlusion in the same eye or its development in the fellow eye.

This clinical study showed that there was no difference in CCT between emmetropic and myopic eyes. CCT did not correlate with the degree of myopia. It seems that the central cornea is not significantly involved in the process of myopic progression.

Purpose Post-traumatic endophthalmitis makes up a distinct subset of intraocular infections. The purpose of the present study was to identify the causative organisms and record the visual outcome after infectious endophthalmitis in eyes with penetrating trauma. Methods We reviewed 18 consecutive cases of culture-positive endophthalmitis that developed after penetrating ocular trauma. All cases were treated with pars plana vitrectomy and intravenous and intraocular antibiotics. Results The 15 males and 3 females ranged in age from 4 to 43 years (mean 25.1 ± 11 years). Nine (50%) had intraocular foreign bodies. A single species was isolated in 16 cases, and multiple organisms in two. Staphylococcus epidermidis and gram-negative organisms were the most frequent and were cultured either alone or in association with other organisms in respectively five (27.7%) and four cases (22.2%). Clostridium perfringens was isolated in three cases (16.6%). Bacillus was not found as a cause of endophthalmitis. Final visual acuity was better than 20/400 in eight cases (44%). In five cases (27.7%), the eye was saved but visual acuity was counting fingers. Two eyes (11%) had no light perception. The remaining three eyes (16.6%) were enucleated or eviscerated. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from two eyes and Aspergillus niger from one. Postoperative retinal detachment developed in four eyes, which were successfully operated. Conclusions Organisms isolated in this series were similar to those in previous reports of post-traumatic endophthalmitis from other parts of the world, except that the frequency of Clostridium perfringens isolation was high and no Bacillus species were cultured. In view of its devastating outcome, post-traumatic endophthalmitis must be treated promptly with vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotics.

Retinopathy, especially the presence of PDR, is an independent predictor for nephropathy. The predictive value of retinopathy for nephropathy is stronger in patients with IDDM than in those with NIDDM. Ophthalmologists should refer patients with retinopathy for regular medical evaluations.