Recently, the pandemic outbreak of a novel coronavirus, officially termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), indicated by a pulmonary infection in humans, has become one of the most significant challenges for public health. In the current fight against coronavirus disease-2019, the medical and health authorities across the world focused on quick diagnosis and isolation of patients; meanwhile, researchers worldwide are exploring the possibility of developing vaccines and novel therapeutic options to combat this deadly disease. Recently, based on various small clinical observations, uncontrolled case studies and previously reported antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-1 chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have attracted exceptional consideration as possible therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. However, there are reports on little to no effect of CQ or HCQ against SARS-CoV-2, and many reports have raised concerns about their cardiac toxicity. Here, in this review, we examine the chemistry, molecular mechanism, and pharmacology, including the current scenario and future prospects of CQ or HCQ in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.
Background:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a deadly disease that affects millions globally and its treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have many disadvantages, which include potential harmful side effects. Due to the widespread use of drugs in lung cancer, drug treatment becomes challenging due to multidrug resistance and adverse reactions. According to the recent findings, natural products (NPs) and their derivatives are being used to inhibit and suppress cancer cells
Objective:
Our objective is to highlight the importance of phytochemicals for the treatment of NSCLC by focusing on the structural features essential for the desired activity with fewer side effects compared to synthetic molecules.
Method:
This review incorporated data from the most recent literature, including in vitro, in vivo, nanoformulation-based recent advancements, and clinical trials, as well as the structure-activity relationship (SAR), described for a variety of possible natural bioactive molecules in the treatment of NSCLC.
Results:
The analysis of data from recent in vitro, in vivo studies and ongoing clinical trials are highlighted. The SAR studies of potential NPs signify the presence of several common structural features that can be used to guide future drug design and development.
Conclusion:
The role of NPs in the battle against NSCLC can be effective, as evidenced by their structural diversity and their affinity towards a variety of molecular targets. The main purpose of the review is to gather information about NPs used in the treatment of NSCLC.
Pyrimidine is an aromatic and heterocyclic organic compound containing a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon and two nitrogen atoms on alternative positions. Pyrimidine scaffolds described theirexistence inthe medicinal chemist’s cause for their synthesizing practicability and nonpoisonous nature. However, the reason behind neurological disorders is still an open challenge for scientific research and development organizations. Efficacy voids are widespread before researchers, despite high throughput research in the field of anti-Alzheimer's drugs.Researchers have constantly investigated all the probabilities for restraining the unwanted adverse effects of the anti-Alzheimer’s agents and are focusing more extensively to rehabilitate neurological disorders. The scientific literature on drug development has been an aspiration to medicinal chemists and other researchers to facilitate further research. Therefore, this review emphasizes the structure-activity relationship (SAR) based approach and the pharmacological advancements of pyrimidine moiety in the new era of therapeutics as anti-Alzheimer’s agents.
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