The essential natural resources such as arable soils, the household and pastoral water and the vegetation of the Vina Division are rapidly deteriorating these last recent years. The lowering fertility level of farm lands, the degradation of vegetation on pasture lands, and the insufiancy of household water and for animals are the observed indicators. Inded it was for this work to determine wether the actual ownership modalities or management practices are causes of the degradation or natural parameters could be associated to them?. Four localities included; Dibi, Mbang-Mboum, Mbe and Tourningal hav been choosen as study sites for investigation. From the study of the Adamawa Regional and Vina Divisional pedologic maps, from the observation and data collected from the field work, the soils of the four villages can be put into two major groups; ferruginous for Mbang-Mboum and Mbe, ferralitic for Dibi and Tourningal. Naturally these soils are poor in nutrient and were compacted by the permanent movements of animals. From the entertainment, observation and from land survey results, the access modalities or appropriation for resources are by donation, inheritage, man labour and rarely by renting. Sale of lands is strictly forbidden by local authorities particularly in Mbang-Mboum and in Mbé. Till to date, the working tools and management systems are at the traditional state.They do not know how to proceed for obtaining certificate of occupancy. Tey are not informed about the 1974 domanial laws. Any one can easily abandon either his or her farm or pasture land to another when the potential productivity of the land is decreasing. The access or appropriation modalities are based on social relationships then can be easily negociated. From exhaustive survey of all water resources (such as local wells, bore holes, rivers, natural and artificial lakes) of the four localities, we found that in Mbé, the water resources dry rapidly as soon as the raining season is ending by November. In Mbang-Mboum, the three bore holes of the village can not more provide and satisfy the high demand of potable water for the increasing number of the population. The statistical analysis by chi-square (X²) with 0.05 probability and the result from HO, H1 test shows that the actual access modalities are the major causes of the rapidly degradation of the resources beside natural parameters such as the geographical location of the Vina Division, the chemical structure of soils, the irregular volume of raining water and climatic change effects. All this encourage poor and traditional management with no conscious on long term resource conservation. The agriculturer or pastoralist can freely leave his or her agricultural or grazing land for another when the productive potential is poor. In fact donation, in heritage and man labour, though with positive aspects lead to extensive exploitation and a short term use of resources. That why most of the peasants have to apply chemical fertilizer, composts, to improve the fertility of soils. While animal breeders...
This chapter deals with the problem of sorghum farmers’ adaptation to climate change in the semiarid region of Cameroon. Its general objective is to compare the various adaptation strategies’ typologies and to characterize the sorghum farmers’ adaptation strategies on the basis of the suitable one. The stratified random sampling method was used to select the sites, which consist of twenty (20) villages, and the sample, which consists of six hundred (600) farm household heads. After conducting focus-groups in ten villages and interviews with resource persons, the primary data were collected using a semi-open survey questionnaire. It appears that the poor spatiotemporal distribution of rains and the drought constitute, respectively, the main climate hazard and the main water risk that farmers are dealing with; the farmers are vulnerable to climate change because the adaptation strategies used are mostly traditional, their adoption rates are very low, and the use of efficient adaptation strategies (irrigation, improved crop varieties) is almost unknown. The characterization of the adaptation strategies used shows that they are more complex than most authors who have established the typologies thought. It comes out that improving the resilience of these sorghum farmers absolutely requires the improvement of their basic socioeconomic conditions.
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