The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) after coronary stenting remains poorly define. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of longer than 24 months DAT in patients who received drug-eluting and bare-metal stents.A total of 1010 individuals who underwent elective, urgent or emergency coronary angioplasty with intended stent implantation at reference or specialized cardiac hospitals were randomized to receive long-term and short-term DAT to determine the benefits and adverse effects of long-term DAT. Total of 508 patients were randomized to long-term and 502 patients to <1 year DAT, and all of them were followed for more than 36 months for major adverse cardiac and cerebvascular events and bleeding major adverse cardiac and cerebvascular events (MACCE)Mean age of the 1010 patients (364 women and 646 men) was 60 years. Stent reocclusion occurred in 15 patients. Mean Syntax score was 23.00 ± 5.08 for whole samples, 25.00 ± 5.27 in 28 patients with MACCE and 23 ± 5.00 in 982 patients without MACCE (P = 0.057). According to all specified bleeding definitions, clopidogrel therapy for >12 months was not associated with a greater risk of hemorrhage. A regimen of >12 months of clopidogrel therapy in patients who had received drug-eluting or bare-metal stents did not differ significantly from a regimen of <12 months on clopidogrel with regard to MACCE.Long-term DAT might not significantly affect the reduction in the risk of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or stroke, and not associated with minor or major bleeding events.

Background: Undescended testis (UDT) is a common congenital urogenital anomaly that is treated by orchiopexy. We aimed to introduce patent processus vaginalis (PPV) sac tightening (PVST) technique and compare it to the conventional technique. Methods: We retrospectively studied all the operated UDT patients during 10 years. In the conventional technique, it was necessary to ligate PPV sac after being peeled off from the spermatic cord. PVST was dissected longitudinally from the two sides of where the PPV sac wall was attached to the spermatic cord till the proximal part, and only a narrow thin layer sticking to the spermatic cord was left and the proximal PVV sac opening was tightened as much as possible with vicryl suture at the internal inguinal ring level. The significance level was <0.05. Results: Of 821 orchiopexy (mean age 24.5±24.2 months), 36.3% were done by conventional and 63.7% by PVST technique. Hematoma, edema, hydrocele, and wound infection were lower in the PVST technique, but it was not significant (p>0.05). Testicular atrophy and operation time were significantly lower in the PVST than the conventional technique (p<0.001). Conclusion:The orchiopexy PVST technique has lower complications and seems to be easier, faster and safer than the conventional technique.