Summary
In this paper, the central principles of reliability‐centered maintenance (RCM) and corresponding mathematical concepts for its implementation in microgrids are discussed. A systematic framework is suggested that exploits the fundamentals of multiattribute decision making to (i) evaluate the important features and failure attributes and (ii) effectively identify the microgrid critical components with their failure rates dynamically assessed at various time intervals. Lagrange multipliers of a budget‐constrained optimization formulation are suggested to be used to determine the desired values of system reliability indicators. The failure rates of critical components are efficiently determined over time through an exponential model that is empirically obtained via extracted condition scores of critical failure causes at multiple inspection times. A time‐varying benefit‐to‐cost ratio mechanism is designed via which the useful lifetime of critical components and the system economic benefits increase through timely maintenance in microgrids where an improved reliability performance can be realized. Finally, the proposed model is implemented in a real‐world scenario on a microgrid that is a part of the Tehran power distribution network. Extensive numerical results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the suggested RCM model in microgrids.
When the thickness of the layer is smaller than the electrons mean free path, the morphology affects the conductivity directly based on the layer thickness. This issue provides basis in order to estimate the thickness of the layer by understanding the morphology and the value of the conductivity. This method is an inverse approach on thickness estimation and is applied to various samples. The comparison of the results with other thickness estimations shows good consistency. The benefits of this approach is that the only parameter that needs to be measured is the conductivity, which is quite trivial. Despite the simplicity of this approach, its results would prove adequate to study both the material properties and the morphology of the layer. In addition, the possibility of repeating the measurements on thickness for AC currents with various frequencies enables averaging the measurements in order to obtain the most precise results.
This paper reports the second part of a simulation study with the aim of evaluating the ability of two portions of a hybrid AC/DC MV/LV network in maintaining their operation in off-grid mode during the loss of the main AC grid due to a failure. In particular, this paper follows a dual purpose: first, it analysis two microgrids in a residential area and a port zone capability of operating in islanded mode, applying a probabilistic approach, while there is different energy use cases, and second is to evaluate some reliability indicators.
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