The use of geopolymer in pavement constructions is strongly encouraged. Many studies have demonstrated the vast potential of using industrial-by-products-based geopolymers. This paper discusses the modification of asphalt binders with geopolymers, namely geopolymer-modified asphalt (GMA) and geopolymer-modified asphalt mixture (GMAM). In addition, curing geopolymer materials, engineering properties, production techniques, and prospective utilisation in the pavement construction, such as durability and sustainability, are also discussed. The literature review showed that many industrial by-products, including red mud, blast furnace slag, fly ash, and mine waste, are used to produce geopolymers because of the metal components such as silicon and aluminium in these materials. The geopolymers from these materials influence the rheological and physical properties of asphalt binders. Geopolymers can enhance asphalt mixture performance, such as stability, fatigue, rutting, and low-temperature cracking. The use of geopolymers in asphalt pavement has beneficial impacts on sustainability and economic and environmental benefits.
Abstract. Biomass aggregate (BA) is a by-product of biomass industries which is less dense and more porous than natural aggregate. In this two-part study, BA was mixed with fly ash and alkaline liquid, and heated in an oven at 80 °C for 24 h to produce coated biomass aggregate (CBA). The first part of this study was focused on the density, specific gravity, Los Angeles test, water absorption, aggregate impact value, and aggregate crushing value of BA, CBA, and normal aggregates (NA). The second part was focused on compressive strength and water permeability of pervious geopolymer concrete (PGC) that was produced with BA and CBA. Pervious concrete is a non-slip porous pavement concrete that allows water to slip through. In this study PGC was prepared from alkaline solution: fly ash ratio of 0:5, fly ash/coarse aggregate ratio of 1:7, Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 2:5, and NaOH concentration of 10 molarity. PGC was cured at 80°C for 24 h. PGC made with CBA had higher compressive strength without much effect on water permeability. It has been found that PGC made with BA and CBA had lower density than PGC made with NA. Results indicated that both BA and CBA are viable alternative aggregates for producing PGC.
Pervious concrete is an effective and unique way to overcome critical environmental issues and support green, sustainable growth. Pervious concrete refers to a non-slip porous pavement concrete, which is permeable to water. Recently, the demand for sustainable waste palm oil products for construction in Malaysia has dramatically increased. For long-term sustainable development, palm products waste can be recycled in pervious concrete production. This study on pervious geopolymer concrete (hereafter PGC) explored an alternative binder and aggregate for Portland cement (OPC) and natural aggregate (NA), while it also developed a pervious concrete's compressive strength. Biomass aggregate (BA) was obtained by burning palm oil biomass. Thus, biomass aggregate (BA) is introduced as a replacement for natural aggregate (NA). In order to generate coated biomass aggregates (CBA), BA was combined with alkaline liquid (AL) and fly ash (FA) and then heated inside an oven at 80 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. PGC containing coated biomass aggregate is the most commonly used cement substitute in concrete as the industrial by-product waste. This study investigated the performance and optimised mixture design of various PGC mixtures that incorporated NA to replace BA CBA compared with OPC pervious concrete containing NA. PGC generated via CBA possessed greater compressive strength without any impact on permeability to water. Outcomes show that both CBA and BA are possible alternative aggregates for generating PGCs. As a result of this study, a nomograph chart was developed, which provided a guideline for designing PGC made by CBA and BA, and cement pervious concrete made with NA.
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