Background: Breast cancer is the second foremostreason for death in femalesuniversal. The enormously fast level of metastasis and capability to growconfrontationmethods to all the unoriginalmedications make them self-sameproblematic to indulgence which the reasons for in elevation morbidity and mortality are of breast melanoma patients. Expertsall through the world have been directing on the firstdiscovery of breast lump so that conduct can be started at the very primary stage. Furthermore, conventional treatment methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and local surgical treatmentsmart from innumerablerestrictions including toxicity, genetic mutation of normal cells, and spreading of cancer cells to healthy tissues. Therefore, new treatment schedules with low toxicity to usual cells need to be immediatelyadvanced. Methods: Iron oxide nanoparticles have remainedextensively used for targeting hyperthermia and imaging of breast growth cells. They can be conjugated with drugs, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, or nucleotides to bring them to target organs, tissues, or tumors using an external magnetic field. Results: Iron oxide nanoparticles have remainedpositively used as theranosticscauses for breast malignancy both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, their functions with medications or functional biomolecules increase their drug delivery efficiency and decrease the systemic noxiousness of drugs.

Aim/Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of joints affecting over 7% of the world population, especially females contributing to 2% of years lived with disability (YLD’s) globally due to pain and impaired movement of limbs viz. hip, shoulder, and knee joint. The present review explores the nano-formulation approaches to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Results and Discussion: The high treatment cost of osteoarthritis not only includes medication but also physiotherapy, adaptive aids, and devices or even surgery that further amounts to the loss of work hours. These medications are only treated symptomatically. Various nanocarriers have created interest to improve the bioavailability of active drugs which therapeutically improve the action and possible reduction of dose and side effects. Various nanocarriers are available viz. liposome, noisome, transferosome, hydrogel, microemulsion, and nanoparticle formulations for intraarticular, topical, and oral delivery for osteoarthritis treatment. Conclusion: This article focuses on novel approaches such as lipid-based formulations and nano- or microparticles as treatment strategies to minimize side effects by using carriers viz. liposome, noisome, transferosome, hydrogel, microemulsion, and nanoparticle formulations for intraarticular, topical, and even oral delivery.

Aim: Osteoarthritis is one of the prevalent disorders of the bone and is the leading cause of death across the globe. The poor survival rate and limited opportunities for treatment require the use of novel therapies to tackle the disease. Objectives: In the present invention, we reported significant in vitro and ex vivo improvement of BCS Class IV drug, triamcinolone acetonide (TMA) in transferosome-based gel. Materials and Methods: The optimized transferosome-based suspension (TMA-TS) reported nano-size range with negative zeta potential. Conversion of suspension to gel was initiated using Carbopol 934P as gel base. The spreadability, viscosity, and entrapment efficiency were found to be more enhanced in TMA-TG formulation, as compared to pure drug. Results and Discussion: The spherical morphology of TMA-TS was confirmed in transmission electron microscopy. In vitro dissolution of TMA-TS augments multi-fold release behavior in TMA in phosphate buffer saline 7.4 as dissolution media. Remarkable permeability was observed in goat skin, as confirmed from ex vivo permeability experiments, as compared to suspension and pure drug. Stability studies indicated robustness of formulation during 3-month storage period. Conclusion: In a nutshell, this microparticulate system is well suited and significantly enhanced the biopharmaceutical attributes of TMA.

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