Simulation has been done using SCAPS-1D to examine the efficiency of CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 -based solar cells including various HTM layers such as spiro-OMeTAD, Cu 2 O, and CuSCN. ZnO nanorod array has been considered as an ETM layer. Device parameters such as thickness of the CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 layer, defect density of interfaces, density of states, and metal work function were studied. For optimum parameters of all three structures, efficiency of 20.21%, 20.23%, and 18.34% has been achieved for spiro-OMeTAD, Cu 2 O, and CuSCN, respectively. From the simulations, an alternative lead-free perovskite solar cell is introduced with the CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 absorber layer, ZnO nanorod ETM layer, and Cu 2 O HTM layer.
Near-field
optical binding force is an emerging new topic in the field of optical
manipulation and plasmonics. However, so far, all the studies of near-field
binding force and its counterintuitive reversal are only restricted
to dimer sets. In this work, we have studied extensively the idea
of near-field optical binding force and associated Lorentz force dynamics
for more than two objects, such as plasmonic tetramers over different
substrates. We have demonstrated that if closely positioned plasmonic
cube tetramers are placed only over the plasmonic substrate and the
circularly polarized light is impinged over them, all-optical control
between their mutual attraction and repulsion is possible because
of strong Fano resonance. In addition, the polarization state of light
controls the shifting of the extinction spectra and the binding force
reversal wavelength, making such nanostructures ideal for the polarization-dependent
optical switching device. The high magnitude of attractive and repulsive
binding forces has been obtained at the dark and bright resonant modes,
respectively, because of strong induced currents in the plasmonic
substrate. Because of its simple arrangement, our proposed tetramer
configuration may open a novel route for all-optical particle clustering,
aggregation, and crystallization, which can be verified by the simple
experimental setup.
This paper reports on the structural and magnetic properties of a ball-milled powder sample of (Fe1−xMnx)75P15C10 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) mixed metallic amorphous ribbons. X-ray diffraction patterns of the as-made powder samples demonstrate a structural phase transition from amorphous to the nanocrystalline structure having a tetragonal (P) type structure. Field emission scanning electron microscopic micrographs show that the particles form a nanocrystalline structure presumably due to the stress relaxation upon ball milling the amorphous ribbons. The observed phase transformation and the changed magnetic properties, e.g., significant enhancement in the coercive field leading to magnetic hardness, are attributed to the controlled milling and Mn substitution in this mixed metallic alloy system, which is the novelty of this research work.
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