A large-scale isolation of the constituents of the cashew shell oil (Anacardium occidentale) was performed by medium-pressure liquid chromatography. A series of 12 components was isolated, including derivatives of anacardic acid, cardol, 2-methylcardol, and cardanol that differ in their side chain. These were tested against Biomphalaria glabratus, one of the snail vectors of schistosomiasis, and their structure-activity relationship is discussed. The principal components in the shell oil, nuts, and fruit juice were also quantitatively determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Two prostaglandin synthetase inhibitory anacardic acids were isolated from O. mucronata. The structures of these inhibitors were established by spectroscopic means. Efficient syntheses of these two via directive metallation were reported.
A large amount of 20-hydroxyecdysone was orally administered to larvae of the tobacco budworm,Heliothis virescens, in order to investigate its detoxification mechanisms. Four major relatively nonpolar metabolites were isolated from their frass. These compounds were identified as the 22-linoleate, 22-palmitate, 22-oleate, and 22-stearate of 20-hydroxyecdysone using various forms of spectroscopy, including NMR. This is the first report of this type of metabolite from an insect.
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