Objective: To investigate the regeneration of rat's salivary gland diabetic defect after intraglandular transplantation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (HDPSCs) on acinar cell vacuolization and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). Material and Methods: HDPSCs isolated from the dental pulp of first premolars #34. HDPSCs from the 3rd passage was characterized by immunocytochemistry of CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD45. Twenty-four male Wistar rats, 3month-old, 250-300 grams induced with Streptozotocin 30 mg/kg body weight to create diabetes mellitus (DM) divided into 4 groups (n=6); positive control group on Day-7; positive control group on Day-14; treatment group Day-7 (DM+5.105HDPSCs); treatment group on Day-14. On Day-7 and Day-14, rats were sacrificed. Histopathological examination performed to analyze acinar cells vacuolization while Enzyme-linked Immunoabsorbent Assay to measure IL-10 serum level. Data obtained were analyzed statistically using multiple comparisons Bonferroni test, Kruskal Wallis, Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's test result. Results: The highest acinar cell vacuolization found in control group Day 14 (0.239 ± 0.132), meanwhile the lowest acinar cell vacuolization found in treatment group Day 7 (0.019 ± 0.035) with significant difference (p=0.003). The highest IL-10 serum level found in treatment group Day 14 (175.583 ± 120.075) with significant difference (p=0.001). Conclusion: Transplantation of HDPSC was able to regenerate submandibular salivary gland defects in diabetic rats by decreasing acinar cell vacuolization and slightly increase IL-10 serum level.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is considered the most common fungal infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Antifungal drug, azole group, is the preferred treatment. However, the long-term use of antifungal drug as prophylaxis and therapy for OPC may lead to a compromised side effects and drug resistance. Nowadays, the prevalence of antifungal Candida albicans resistance is approximately 56.7%. Ellagic acid (EA) presents broad spectrum of antifungal activities. Based on previous studies, EA can act as natural antifungal agent. It also helps enhancing oral mucosal innate immunity. This review explores the antifungal activity of EA as an alternative for antifungal drugs resistance in HIV/AIDS patients with OPC. A web-based search was conducted via PubMed, NCBI, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Research-Gate databases, with "antifungal resistance", "ellagic acid", "HIV/AIDS", and "OPC" as the keywords. EA is a dimeric derivative of gallic acid that is found in several plants. EA can induce the expression of hBD2 and SLPI in the oral mucosa. Those proteins play a pivotal role in immunomodulation and anti-inflammation of oral microenvironment innate immunity, which inhibit several opportunistic pathogens and microbes, including Candida. Furthermore, EA also inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis (EB), which is the primary component of fungi cell membrane. EA breakdown fungal membrane permeability and enzyme activity, leading to cessation of fungal growth. EA presents antifungal activity in HIV/AIDS patients with OPC; thus, it can be used as an alternative in antifungal drug resistance.

Food is one of the best media for the microorganism to live and grow. Therefore, food is often broken because it has been contaminated by the microorganism. In industry country, approximately 30% of population infected by food borne disease. Food borne disease is caused of phatogen bacteria food borne. Staphylococus aureus is a kind of bacteria that can make food rotten and also it is a phatogen bacteria cause food born disease, no forming spora, positive gram bacteria and the food substance which is contaminated by Staphylococus aureus will cause poisoned becaused of enterotoxin which is heat resisting. Essential oil is antimicrobial and anti bacterial that the most effective, it can inhibit the growing of microba and bacteria. One of the example of essential oil is Cinnamon.sp oil. Cinnamon oil is antimcroba agent for bacteri and fungi because it contain cynammyldehyde and cynammyl alcohol and also eugenol. The aim of this study is to understand the antimcrobacterial potential of cynammyldehyde from cinnamon extract to Staphylococus aureus. This study is laboratory experimantal research. Essential oil from Cinnamon by destilation, then redistilation was done to get cynammyldehyde from cinnamon. Cynammyldehyde was tested to Staphylococus aureus. Test method was done as dilution in the form. From this result, it show that cynammyldehide from cinnamon extract has ability in inhibit the Staphylococus aureus growth. We can conclude that Cynammaldehyde from cinnamon extract has antibacterial effect especially for positive gram bacteria that is Staphylococcus aureus. The optimum inhibiting effort is 0.09%.

Objectives Significant pain from HIV‐associated sensory neuropathy (HIV‐SN) affects 40% of HIV‐infected individuals treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). The most salient symptom of the neuropathy is pain, which frequently is moderate‐to‐severe intensity, associated with reduced activities and physical function, sleep disruption, increased severity of depression, and anxiety. Yet, evidence for managing painful HIV‐SN is poor. The purpose of this study was to verify by scientific evidence the neuropathy complication in HIV/AIDS patients to develop effective pain management strategies. Methods Design: Systematic review. Data sources: PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, http://www.controlled-trials.com. Selection criteria: the filter “English” was used, timeframed searched was 2009–2019, randomized controlled trials (RCT). Keywords were verified in MeSH “Peripheral Nervous System Disease” and “Antiretroviral Agents” or “Antiretroviral therapy.” Review method: the PRISMA flowchart was used. Result A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines was carried out, and 12 specific articles/studies on the subject were selected. The results revealed that HIV therapy, aging, body mass index, height, and systemic conditions influence neuropathy conditions in HIV/AIDS patients. The multistudies focused on pain management approaches such as administration of pain medication, drug combination to prevent side effects, or ART with minimal side effects. Conclusion Sensory neuropathy is a frequent complication of HIV infection and ART. An understanding of the mechanism and pathophysiology of neuropathy in HIV is urgently required to develop alternative treatment modalities and to evaluate preventive strategies.

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