Background and Aim: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main causes of hospital infections. MRSA is resistant to all beta-lactams due to the presence of the mecA gene. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the methicillin resistance gene of Staphylococcus aureus by PCR technique, before and after open heart surgery in Day and Shariati hospital. Materials and Methods: After collecting samples, various biochemical and microbiological tests were performed and then antibiotic susceptibility test using disc diffusion method based on CLSI instructions with antibiotics from different groups. It were used turned out to determine the resistance gene, PCR and Qpcr. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of mecA gene in clinical samples was 30% and there was a significant difference in the frequency of isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA in two hospitals of Day and Shariati. Among the antibiotics, the resistance before the operation of the open heart surgery was 95% for the oxacillin antibiotic and the antibiotic resistance after the surgery was higher than that for oxacillin 100%, erythromycin and, Ceftazidime 97%, which was tested more than the other antibiotics. Conclusion: Because of the importance of Staphylococcus aureus as the most important pathogenic pathogen and considering the significant reduction of MRSA isolation after open heart surgery in the private hospital of Day in comparison with Shariati Hospital, It can be concluded that it is likely that the environmental conditions and the principles of sterilization in private hospitals are much better than government hospitals.
Background and Objective: Pseudomonas aeroginosa is the most common pathogen associated with nosocomial infections and possesses virulence factors which contribute to the bacterial invasion and toxicity such as alginate, exoenzyme S, exotoxin A and elastase. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of algD, exoS, toxA and lasB genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa samples isolated from patients by Multiplex PCR. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, sixty clinical samples were collected from Dey and Motahhari Hospitals, Tehran, Iran. Following identification of isolates by biochemical methods, Antibiogram test was performed using disc diffusion method with different antibiotics. Multiplex PCR method was performed to identify the desired genes.Results: 37 out of 60 (61.66%) male and 23 out of 60 (38.34%) female specimens were positive for pseudomonas aeruginosa. The highest level of antibiotic resistance of the Pseudomonas aeroginosa isolates was observed against ceftriaxone (93.33%). The prevalence rate of virulence genes among all isolates was as follows; lasB (61.7%), toxA (60%), algD (43.3%) and exoS (5%). Conclusion: Elastase, exotoxin A and alginate are considered important virulence factors of pseudomonas aeruginosa and they play a major role in causing diseases and tissue and skin lesions.
Background
Acinetobacter is a Gram-negative coccobacilli bacterium that can produce severe and different infections. Among the species of these bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii is the most common cause of nosocomial infections. Due to the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium and the significant increase in antibiotic resistance, this study was conducted to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of A. baumannii isolates from Iran. A total of 60 A. baumannii bacteria were isolated from the different clinical samples in hospitals of Tehran, Iran. The isolates susceptibility to 13 commonly used antibiotics was examined according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Using PCR, three important AmpC β-lactamases relayed genes (DHA, CIT and MOX) were detected.
Results
The highest and lowest resistance rate was related to ampicillin (98.3%) colistin (35%), respectively. Of 60 isolates, 59 isolates (98.34%) were resistant to more than 8 antibiotics. The frequencies of DHA, CIT and MOX genes were 1 (2%), 7 (12%), 27 (46%), respectively. Based on definition, 59 (88.33%), 44 (73.33%) and 13 (21.66%) isolates were MDR, XDR and PDR, respectively. Twenty-four isolates (40%) were negative for all three genes. There was a significant relationship between the presence of MOX gene and antibiotic resistance.
Conclusions
The high resistance rates of the A. baumannii isolates reported in the present study is alarming and need the management of treatment such as performing of antibiogram test before antibiotic therapy for select the appropriate antibiotic and also completes the course of treatment period.
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