Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) compositions consisting of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) are potential biodegradable ceramics for bone regeneration. The present work demonstrates the formation of such dense ceramics by first preparing the precursors of nano-sized, amorphous, and equiaxed calcium pyrophosphate particles, and then sintering the precursors at 900 °C to transform them into desired BCP. However, if the complex of calcium tripolyphosphate was used, only CPP could be generated. It was also observed that the incorporation of Mg 2+ had several effects on the resulting products including: 1) promoting the generation of meso-porous precipitates; 2) favoring the formation of β-TCP instead of CPP; 3) reducing the grain size and increasing the density of the sintered ceramics, and 4) enhancing the negative electric charge of the BCP surface. Thus, the as-prepared BCP ceramics can serve as potential bone substitute materials in orthopedic applications.
Agent with both great blood clotting activity and bone regeneration ability is deserved to replace conventional bone wax. Recently, hydroxyapatite (HA) has attracted interests from researchers with its both hemostatic and bone healing functions. In present work, the blood clotting activity comparisons of HA to other potential bone repairing materials including calcium silicate, calcium combined attapulgite, calcium tripolyphosphate, and chitosan were carried out to show HA as a recommended hemostatic component to replace bone wax. In addition, the impacts of HA synthesis routes on its blood clotting activity were evaluated, indicating increase of surface area as well as active Ca 2+ of HA can greatly enhance blood clotting. With these attributes, it is expected HA can be a promising component in fabricating hemostatic materials in orthopedic applications as alternatives to bone wax.
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