Gliomas are highly invasive, lethal brain tumors. Tumor-associated proteases play an important role in glioma progression. Annexin A2 is overexpressed in many cancers and correlates with increased plasmin activity on the tumor cell surface, which mediates degradation of extracellular matrix and promotes neoangiogenesis to facilitate tumor growth. In this study, we used two glioma cell lines, mouse GL261-EGFP and rat C6/lacZ, as well as stable clones transfected with an annexin A2 knockdown construct. We find that the annexin A2 knockdown decreased glioma cell migration in vitro and decreased membrane-bound plasmin activity. In vivo we injected the glioma cells into the rodent brain and followed glioma progression. Knockdown of annexin A2 in glioma cells decreased tumor size and slowed tumor progression, as evidenced by decreased invasion, angiogenesis and proliferation, as well as increased apoptosis in the tumor tissue of the annexin A2 knockdown group. Moreover, we report that the levels of expression of annexin A2 in human glioma samples correlate with their degree of malignancy. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that inhibition of annexin A2 expression in glioma cells could become a new target for glioma therapy.

The clinical utility of miR-215 as a potential biomarker in colon cancer was investigated. The levels of miR-215 were quantified by real-time qRT-PCR in 34 paired normal and tumor specimens. The expression levels of miR-215 were decreased in colon tumors, and were associated with patient survival. Thus, miR-215 is a potential prognostic biomarker in colon cancer. Background We have previously shown that miR-215 suppressed the expression of key targets such as thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase, and denticleless protein homolog (DTL) in colon cancer. miR-215 is a tumor suppressor candidate due to the upregulation of p53 and p21 by targeting DTL. However, high levels of miR-215 conferred chemoresistance due to cell cycle arrest and reduced cell proliferation by suppressing DTL. In this study, the clinical significance of miR-215 was further investigated as a potential prognostic biomarker in colon cancer patients. Methods Total RNAs were extracted from 34 paired normal and colon (stage II and III) tumor specimens using the Trizol-based approach. The levels of miR-215 and a closely related miR-192 were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) expression analysis. The expression of DTL mRNA and protein were quantified by real time qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results The expression levels of miR-192 (P = .0008) and miR-215 (P < .0001) were significantly decreased in colon tumors compared with normal tissues. DTL was significantly over-expressed and was inversely correlated with miR-215, further suggesting an in vivo physiologic relevance of miR-215 mediated DTL suppression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis by Cox regression revealed that high levels of miR-215 expression (hazard ratio, 3.516; 95% confidence interval, 1.007–12.28, P = .025) are closely associated with poor patient’s overall survival. Furthermore, an elevated expression of a miR-215 target protein DTL was detected in colon cancer tissues whereas no expression was present in normal tissues. Conclusion miR-215 has a unique potential as a prognostic biomarker in stage II and III colon cancer.

Despite advances in the development of novel methods to improve treatment, ovarian carcinoma is still the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death in the United States and other industrialized nations. Improvements in the clinical outcome of ovarian cancer will be achieved if methods can be developed to enable the detection of these tumors at the earliest possible stage. Thus, it is critically important to identify and validate new biomarkers of ovarian cancer. HE4 expression was defined by immunohistochemical analysis of a wide range of benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian lesions, including serous, endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell lesions of the ovary and in primary tubal carcinomas and the normal fallopian tube. At the cellular level, HE4 was highly expressed in malignant ovarian tumors and in a wide range of benign and borderline ovarian lesions. In addition, HE4 was highly expressed in primary fallopian tube carcinomas and benign fallopian tubal epithelial cells. These results support the conclusion that HE4 is widely expressed in most benign, borderline, and malignant lesions of the ovary and the fallopian tube. The detection of HE4 expression at high levels in some benign lesions and normal tissues suggests that HE4 could have limited specificity as a marker of ovarian or tubal carcinoma. Furthermore, the relatively weak expression that was observed in many ovarian carcinomas indicates that HE4 could fail to detect some cases of primary or recurrent disease.

Our results suggest that Her2 and Ki67 immunohistochemistry and the presence of intraductal necrosis aid in DCIS risk stratification.

Remediation of industrial water pollution is a trending subject to date for the researchers around the globe, due to its detrimental effects on human life as well as aquatic life. Azo dyes are the largest industrial water polluters in respect of volume while anthraquinone the second largest. Therefore, humongous considerations are being enumerated for the removal and decolorization of azo (AZ) dyestuff; however, for anthraquinone (AQ) dyes, these efforts are considerably minimal; although the later one poses a greater threat to environmental contamination, because of their reinforced structure. The current study is an effort toward this foremost issue. Chemical reduction synthesis of silver−copper (Ag−Cu) bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) was achieved using NaBH 4 as a reducing agent and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a stabilizer. Characterization and morphological evaluation indicates two distinctive UV/vis absorption peaks for Ag and Cu. XRD studies for nanocomposite showed crystallite size of 8.96014 nm having an FCC structure. SEM with EDX confirmed the particle sizes of BNPs and SDS to be 17.14 and 114.56 nm, respectively. Potential catalytic activity and kinetic parameters of Ag−Cu BNPs@SDS were monitored against Methylene Blue (MB), Methyl Orange (MO), and eosin-y (EY). The percentage degradation recorded for the nanocatalyst against MO, MB, and EY was 95.21%, 98.57%, and 96.65%, respectively. This method can be adopted for the removal of multiple dyes from industrial effluent on a larger scale.

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Background: We have previously shown that miR-215 suppressed the expression of key targets such as thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and denticleless protein homolog (DTL) in colon cancer. miR-215 is a tumor suppressor candidate due to the up-regulation of p53 and p21 by targeting DTL. However, high levels of miR-215 conferred chemoresistance due to cell cycle arrest and reduced cell proliferation by suppressing DTL. In this study, the clinical significance of miR-215 was further investigated as a potential prognostic biomarker in colon cancer patients. Methods: Total RNAs were extracted from 34 paired normal and colon (stage II and III) tumor specimens using Trizol based approach. The levels of miR-215 and a closely related miR-192 were quantified using real time qRT-PCR expression analysis. The expression of DTL mRNA and protein were quantified by real time qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression levels of miR-192 (p=0.0008) and miR-215 (p&lt;0.0001) were significantly decreased in colon tumors compared to normal tissues. DTL was significantly over-expressed and was inversely correlated with miR-215, further suggesting an in vivo physiological relevance of miR-215 mediated DTL suppression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that high levels of miR-215 expression (hazard ratio, 0.36; log rank test, p=0.04) are closely associated with poor patient's overall survival. Furthermore, an elevated expression of a miR-215 target protein DTL was detected in colon cancer tissues while no expression was present in normal tissues. Conclusion: miR-215 has a unique potential as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in stage II and III colon cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2263. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2263