This study examined whether postevent questioning can lead to increases in witness confidence without a corresponding impact on witness accuracy. After viewing slides of a simulated crime scene, participants in 3 experiments answered forced-choice questions about target items in the slides. Subsequently, participants were exposed to postevent questioning about some of their forced-choice responses. Postevent questioning led to significantly higher later confidence ratings for incorrect responses in all 3 experiments, as well as for correct responses in Experiment 1, but had no impact on the overall accuracy of later forced-choice responses. A retrieval-fluency hypothesis is offered as an explanation for the increases in confidence. These results suggest that police questioning of witnesses may lead to inflated witness confidence judgments in later courtroom testimony.

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Background: There is presence of different risk factors for cerebrovascular complication as well as coronary artery. It is well acknowledged that diseases of the coronary artery enhance the stroke risk. In opposition to this, there is variation in the prevalence of these risk factors across ischemic stroke and disease of coronary artery as well as between the sub-types of stoke because of highly complicate etiology. Objective: The objective of this research work was to determine different risk factors and cardiac anomalies, which have association with the incidence of stroke among adults. Methodology: Study Design: This cross sectional study design. Place and Duration: Medicine Department of Services Hospital, Lahore from November 2020 to May 2022. Adult patients having age from fifteen to forty-five years of age who got admission in hospital due to occurrence of stroke were the samples of this research work. Results: Among the participants, most of the patients were in age group of 41-45 years making 36 percent of whole strength. The percentages of the patients in age groups 26-30, 31-35 and 36-40 years were 18%, 20% and 22% correspondingly. Only four percent patients were having less than twenty-five years of age. Sixty-four percent patients were suffering from VHD (Valvular Heart Disease). Myocardial infarction was present in sixteen percent patients. Eight percent patients were present with atrial fibrillation and ten percent patients were present with IHD (ischemic heart disease). The risk equation of Framingham heart study discovered that seventy five percent patients of stroke were also having some types of cardiac complications. Conclusion: Diseases of hearts among adults can result in stroke that is severe abnormality and requires to be handled meticulously. One leading cause of disability and mortality is stroke. Ischemic strokes among adults are likely to be related with heart than cerebral when there is unknown exact cause of complication. Keywords: Ischemic, complication, meticulously, determine, occurrence, VHD, ISHD, cardiac, risk factors.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the world. A woman’s lifetime risk of developing OC is 1 in 75, and her chance of dying of the disease is 1 in 100.Cells which initiate cancer cells in the body are somehow known as stem cells. Objective: The objective of this review was to evaluate the published literature on epidemiologic risk factors for ovarian cancer among women and it’s linked with the stem cells present in the body. Material and methods: A review of literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus. Studies comparing ovarian cancer among women and its linked with the stem cells present in the body were included. Results: Eight of 94 articles met the inclusion criteria. The articles revealed that there are no rules to separate out the cells which are spreading tumor cells or in short from this research they said that we are not able to separate them out but we can clarify the issue that either they are spreading this deadly disease or not. Stem cells are not linked with ovarian cancer. Conclusion: It is concluded that phonetically both cancer cells and stem cells are not same. They are showing their opposite impacts. In this study we have seen that first they initiate from a single cell and then start replicating and make groups. There are many other ways through which tumor cells can generate themselves so it is not easy to say that they are growing from stem cells. Keywords: Ovarian cancer, Stem cells and Women

Aim: A popular process used to treat coronary thrombosis heart disease is coronary artery bypass transplantation. It entails by means of the segment of the vein or an artery to join aortic and coronary arteries well beyond occlusion. The purpose of our current study was to evaluate parameters influencing nurses' effectiveness in the treatment of people after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in intensive care units at Services Hospital Lahore. Method: Explorative research design. The research was carried out in the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit and the Advanced Intensive Care Unit at Services Hospital in Lahore. A suitable sample of 50 nurses was used. An identity questionnaire consisting of three sections: Part 1: Demographic information on nurses. Part 2: nurses' understanding of people undergoing CABG care Part 3: Factors influencing nurses' competence in the treatment of CABG patients. Tool II: An observational questionnaire to evaluate nurses' performance. Results: It was shown that 58.6 percent of the nurses investigated were females between the ages of 19 and 39. 54.7 percent of nurses finished diploma nursing programmes, and 67.1 percent of nurses had a little more than ten years of ICU experience. The current study found that almost half of the nurses investigated had insufficient absolute knowledge and poor total practice when it came to caring for patients. 92 percent of nurses are unaffected by nurse-related issues. While overall patient-related issues impacted 12% of them. 63.6 percent of nurses are unaffected by all work-related issues. Furthermore, the findings show that there is no strong relationship among Nurses' Education and Skills Scores and variables influencing nurse performance. There was no significant relationship between total awareness and education among the nurses investigated. Conclusion: According to the study findings, nurses exhibited an unsatisfactory level of knowledge and practice when it came to caring for patients. Keywords: Coronary Heart Disease, Coronary Artery Bypass Transplantation, Nurses' Effectiveness.