Pakistan is a country facing lots of challenges related to human development. The field of education is no exception in the sense of development. To counter these problems, reforms and educational projects were introduced to bring educational development. This study analyzes Punjab education foundation (PEF) school reform programs to evaluate one such project. For that purpose, the data of PEF annual reports published by the Punjab government and other articles about the PEF programs were used for analysis. The review of reports shows that the PEF introduced different programs under its umbrella to meet its objectives. The PEF provided free education to the province's less privileged areas and provided on the job training to the school staff. Moreover, educational vouchers have been provided to needy students to encourage the parents to send their children to the schools. These efforts have elevated the literacy rate and quality of education in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

Making decisions based on data is evolving in higher education worldwide. Higher education institutions (HEIs) in China are also adopting this trend of data-driven decision making to improve the quality standards in higher education. However, the data-driven decision making (DDDM) approach has recently evolved in China, and the data based decision-making models are still immature. Therefore, this study investigates the DDDM approach of Chinese HEIs through an established theoretical data model lens to highlight some of its immaturities and weaknesses for improvement. The study analyzes the DDDM approach in Chinese higher education by exploring the data-mining practices of a case study university. A leading Chinese university has been taken as a sample case study. The multiple interviews have been taken at both faculty and university levels to explore the DDDM practices. The results suggest that the Chinese university DDDM approach is consistent with the established Bakers model. However, the scope of data mining is limited in some areas when compared with the theoretical model. The university is also behind in using advanced applications and software required for DDDM. The results of this study highlight the DDDM approach in Chinese higher education and some of its immaturity. The results can be used to improve the DDDM approach in Chinese HEIs further to ensure more effective and efficient decision-making.

This study examined the job satisfaction level of teachers and the factors affecting job satisfaction in the public schools of Pakistan. The public-school teachers from the two districts were selected as the sample for this study. The questionnaire was used for the data collection. An online survey was conducted to collect data from the teachers at selected public schools in Pakistan. The respondent was approached individually through an online survey. A total of 119 responses were received through an online survey. Out of these 119, 58 were complete responses which were then used for analysis. The SPSS and AMOS software was used for the analysis purpose. The average score related to teacher satisfaction showed that teachers in Pakistan are generally satisfied with their jobs. The Structural Equation Modeling results showed that professional development opportunities at work and self-efficacy play a significant positive role in teacher job satisfaction. The teachers who were well skilled and had better planning related to the work and provided progress in their work tend to be more satisfied with their jobs compared to the teachers who have low self-efficacy and dispatch progress on their job. Only a few public schools in Pakistan are included in the study. As a result, a broad sample of schools is recommended for future research. This poll did not include private schools. As a result, private schools should be included in future polls to better understand the disparities in teacher conduct in various school environments. Due to the closure of schools in Pakistan, the online survey was the only choice, explaining why there were so few complete responses. To corroborate the findings of this study, it is suggested that future investigations use a large sample size.