Plant-based food produces significantly less greenhouse gases, and due to its wealth of bioactive components and/or plant-based protein, it becomes an alternative in a sustainable food system. However, the processing and production of products from plant sources creates byproducts, which can be waste or a source of useful substances that can be reused. The waste produced during the production and processing of food is essentially nutrient- and energy-rich, and it is recognized as an excellent source of secondary raw materials that could be repurposed in the process of manufacturing and preparing food, or as feed for livestock. This review offers an overview of the sources and techniques of the sustainable isolation of bioactive substances and proteins from various sources that might represent waste in the preparation or production of food of plant origin. The aim is to uncover novel approaches to use waste and byproducts from the process of making food to provide this waste food an additional benefit, not forgetting the expectations of the end user, the consumer. For the successful isolation of bioactive ingredients and proteins from food of plant origin, it is crucial to develop more eco-friendly and efficient extraction techniques with a low CO2 footprint while considering the economic aspects.
This study was based on food consumption outlines and sustainable food security among low-income households in rural Pakistan. Previous research and literature show that food secure household with higher income have access to better food consumption in rural Pakistan. Through proportional allocation technique a sample size of 102 respondents were randomly selected from the study area. A multinomial regression model was used for data analysis which was based on three categories. The findings of this study were based on age, family type, number of family members, off farm income which has significant effect on household food security. Food outline has also significant effect on household income. Thus, those households who were engaged in the farming experience are also much secure for food but household with less experience and privation of livestock activities are comparatively lower than the experienced one. Consequently, the government should take initiative to improve its extension activities for rural farmers so that to improve their productivity and make provision of food security to local people.
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