PURPOSE It is projected that approximately 50,000 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed in 2020 in India. Survival has improved because of the development of effective drugs such as abiraterone acetate, but universal accessibility to treatment is not always possible because of cost constraints in lower- and middle-income countries. Recently, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has included low-dose abiraterone (250 mg/day) with food as an alternative treatment option to full-dose abiraterone (1,000 mg/day) fasting. METHODS The Science and Cost Cancer Consortium conducted a survey to evaluate the use of abiraterone in India and the opinions of medical oncologists about using low-dose treatment. Modeling was used to estimate potential financial benefits to individual patients and to estimate overall costs of health care in India if low-dose abiraterone is prescribed. RESULTS Of 251 Indian medical oncologists who were invited to participate in the survey, 125 provided their e-mail address and received the survey; 118 responded (47% of the total). Of these, 25% were not aware of the recent NCCN recommendation, 55% were already prescribing low-dose abiraterone when resources were limited, 7% had already changed their practice, and 29% agreed to switch to a universal practice of using low-dose abiraterone with food; 9% of practitioners would not use low-dose abiraterone. Estimated mean per patient savings was US$3,640, with annual savings of US$182 million in India. CONCLUSION Use of lower-dose abiraterone would increase access to treatment in India and globally and lead to large cost savings.

Nursing babies in supine position when compared with periodic position change during phototherapy does not decrease the duration of phototherapy.

Clinical stage alone is used for risk stratification in treatment of pediatric advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). To identify other risk factors, we collected data from three tertiary centers on 186 patients with advanced stage (IIB-IV) consecutively treated with Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, Dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy ± radiotherapy. Freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) and overall survival (OS) were end points. With median follow-up period of 57.9 months (range: 1-151 months), five-year FFTF and OS was 84.8% (95% CI 78.6-89.3%) and 95.3% (95% CI 90.78-97.6%), respectively. We identified stage-4 [HR-3.6(1.25, 9.97); p = .017], high total leukocyte count (>15,000/mm) [HR-2.6(1.3,8.1); p = .008] and lymphopenia (lymphocyte count ≤8%) [HR-4.9(1.7,14.1); p = .002] predictive of inferior FFTF. Patients with none or one of these risk factors had significantly better five-year FFTF (91.9%) as compared to those with risk factors (two risk factor [74.7%; p = .001]; 3,4 risk factors [14.3%; p < .0001]). Patients without these risk factors can be treated with ABVD and may not need intensive therapy.

Data about the significance of F-FDG PET at interim assessment and end of treatment in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are limited. Patients (≤18 y) with HL were prospectively evaluated with contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and PET combined with low-dose CT (PET/CT) at baseline, after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, and after completion of treatment. Revised International Working Group (RIW) criteria and Deauville 5 point-scale for response assessment by PET/CT were used. All patients received doxorubicin (Adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine chemotherapy along with involved-field radiotherapy (25 Gy) for early stage (IA, IB, and IIA) and advanced stage (IIB-IV) with bulky disease. Of the 57 enrolled patients, median follow-up was 81.6 mo (range, 11-97.5 mo). Treatment decisions were based on CECT. At baseline, PET/CT versus CECT identified 67 more disease sites; 23 patients (40.3%) were upstaged and of them in 9 patients (39%) upstaging would have affected treatment decision; notably none of these patients relapsed. The specificity of interim PET/CT based on RIW criteria (61.5%) and Deauville criteria (91.4%) for predicting relapse was higher than CECT (40.3%) ( = 0.03 and < 0.0001, respectively). Event-free survival based on interim PET/CT (RIW) response was 93.3 ± 4.1 versus 89.6 ± 3.8 (positive vs. negative scan, respectively; = 0.44). The specificity of posttreatment PET/CT (Deauville) was 95.7% versus 76.4% by CECT ( = 0.006). Posttreatment PET/CT (Deauville) showed significantly inferior overall survival in patients with positive scan versus negative scan results (66.4 ± 22.5 vs. 94.5 ± 2.0, = 0.029). Interim PET/CT has better specificity, and use of Deauville criteria further improves it. Escalation of therapy based on interim PET in pediatric HL needs further conclusive evidence to justify its use. Posttreatment PET/CT (Deauville) predicts overall survival and has better specificity in comparison to conventional imaging.