Introduction Maxillofacial trauma can be limited to superficial lacerations, abrasions, and facial bone fractures. The objective of this study was to determine the etiology, pattern, and predictors of soft tissue and bony injuries. Materials and methods This study was conducted in the department of maxillofacial surgery Lady Reading hospital Pakistan from Jan 2019 to June 2021. The nonprobability consecutive sampling technique was used for the selection of patients. All patients were assessed clinically and radiologically. The neurosensory examination was done for any altered sensation, anesthesia, or paresthesia. Motor nerve function was also assessed clinically. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. The etiology and pattern of maxillofacial trauma were stratified among age and genders using the chi-square test to see effect modifiers. Tests for regression analysis were also applied. P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 253 patients meeting inclusion criteria were included in this study. The majority of these patients were males, 223 (88.1%), while only 30 (11.9%) were females. The mean age for the group was 25.4 ± 12.6 years. RTAs were the most common causes of trauma (63.6%) followed by assault (15.0%), falls (11.5%), FAIs (5.9%), and sports (0.4%). The most vulnerable skeletal part was the mandible (22.9%) followed by Zygoma (7.1%), significantly predicted by RTAs. Soft tissue laceration analysis showed a high frequency of multiple lacerations (38%) significantly predicted by FAIs. The frequency of trigeminal nerve injury was 5.5% (14 patients) and that of the facial nerve was 1.6% (4 patients). The strongest association of nerve injury was with firearm injury (47%), followed by road traffic accidents and sports injuries. Conclusion Road traffic accident was the most common etiological factor and mandible fracture was commonly predicted by RTA. Trigeminal nerve injuries were common, frequency of nerve injuries was highly associated with mandible fracture and was predicted by FAI.
Objectives: To determine the eff ectiveness of using sodium tetradecyl sulphate foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of venous malformations of oral cavity.Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study 21 patients presenting with oral venous malformations at oral and maxillofacial OPD from 1-1-2017 till 31-12-2018 were included. After confi rmation of the diagnosis with color Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, we used direct injections of 3% STS foam using a 25G needle at a dose of 1ml per cm3. The injection was repeated up to a maximum of six times until a favorable response (50% reduction) was achieved. The results were recorded and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Results: The mean age of patient was 37.33±9.91 years. There were 10 males (47.6%) and 11 females (52.4%) patients. Site of the lesion was buccal mucosa in 12(57.1%) patients and 9(42.9%) patients had lesion on tongue. Treatment response showed that only 23.8% patients had complete treatment response, 28.6% patients had good treatment outcome and 33.3% patients had moderate treatment outcome and 14.3% patients had no response. Side eff ects experienced by patients were edema (42.9%), pain (23.8%) and ulceration (19%).Conclusion: STS is an eff ective treatment of VMs and can be used with minimal side effects and favorable results.
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