Objective: To assess the maternal outcome of primigravida patient with term pregnancy with engaged versus unengaged foetal head at onset of labour Design of the Study: It was a cohort study. Study Settings: The study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore from January 2021 to June 2021. Material and Methods: This study involved 160 primigravida at term (as per dating scan) aged between 18-35 years who were divided into cases (women with unengaged fetal head) and controls (those with engaged fetal head). Outcome variable were frequency of cesarean delivery, low birth weight, poor APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes and NICU admission which were noted and compared between the groups. Results of the Study: The mean age of the patients was 23.9±3.8 years while the mean gestational age was 39.0±1.3 weeks. The frequency of poor APGAR score at 1 minute (25.0% vs. 5.0%; p-value<0.001; 95%CI RR=5.00) and cesarean delivery (38.8% vs. 16.3%; p-value=0.001; 95%CI RR=2.39) was significantly higher in women with unengaged fetal head at term. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of poor APGAR score at 5 minutes (5.0% vs. 2.5%; p-value=0.405; 95%CI RR=2.00), NICU admission (10.0% vs. 8.8%; p-value=0.786; 95%CI RR=1.14) and low birth weight (7.5% vs. 3.8%; p-value=0.303; 95%CI RR=2.00). Conclusion: In the present study, unengaged fetal head at term was associated with poor APGAR score at birth and increased risk of cesarean delivery which advocates that women with unengaged fetal head at term should be considered as high risk so that anticipated management may improve the fetomaternal outcome Keywords: Primigravida, Unengaged Fetal Head, Fetomaternal Outcome
Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major contributor that leads to severe morbidity and even high risk for maternal mortality. There is lack of information about factors that lead to anemia, especially in low-income countries. Objective: To determine the frequency of factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending a tertiary care hospital, Lahore Material and methods: This cross sectional study was one at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology for 6 months from 1st October 2021 to 1st March 2022. One hundred females were enrolled and their medical records and history was taken to determine the factors involved in anemia during pregnancy. All the data was analyzed in SPSS v26. Results: In this study, the mean age of females was 28.61 ± 6.45 years. The mean gestational age at presentation was 35.02 ± 2.17 weeks. The mean age at first pregnancy was 22.76 ± 4.79 years. The mean birth interval was 7.39 ± 3.92 months. Out of 100 females, the most common factor was inter-pregnancy interval <6 months [48 (48%)], followed-by 72 (72%) not taken folic acid, 86 (86%) of not taking iron supplement, 44 (44%) were taking grains only, 50 (50%) were taking vegetables only, 41 (41%) were taking meat >2 times per week, 64 (64%) were not taking fruits, 69 (69%) were not taking milk, 57 (57%) were avoiding food or taking less meals, 61 (61%) had nausea and vomiting during pregnancy and 38 (38%) had chronic anemia (before pregnancy). Conclusion: In this study, all of the above factors were highly effective in occurrence of anemia in pregnancy. Key words: pregnancy, anemia, nausea and vomiting, folic acid
Background: Burnout as a condition characterised by emotional weariness, depersonalization (a propensity to show anti and cynical views about others) and a diminished feeling of personal success. In contrast to the more generalized concept of sadness, "burnout" describes a specific kind of fatigue that occurs in the job. Objective: The study's objectives were to (a) determine whether or not burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal professional achievement) is influenced by environmental factors (gender, age, marital status, years of professional experience, number of hours worked per week, teaching level, workplace), and (b) determine whether or not these factors are related. Study Design: Cross sectional study Study Setting: This study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Rashid Latif Medical College Lahore from July 2022 to December 2022. Methodology: By using a systematic random sample, we were able to include 60 gynecologists. The proforma was given to them through email or print mail, and they were contacted individually. Doctors were told that by completing the anonymous proforma, after taking their consents. The study's template has two sections. The participants' demographic information was found in the first document. The second section was a copy of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The 22-item MBI is scored on a 0–6-point Likert scale. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Results: In all, 60 gynecologists filled the performa. Participants mean ages ranged 40.55 ±6.0 years. Forty-seven of the participants were female (78.3%), whereas just four were male 13 (21.7%). The vast majority of guys had their FCPS, while married people made up the bulk of the sample 38(63.3%). In addition, 48 people (80%) were chosen field of expertise. In this study, participants were classified as burnt out if they had high EE in addition to high DP or low PPA. Over a quarter of consultants were suffering from burnout. At least 33 people The burnout prevalence rate among doctors whose annual salaries fall between 60 and 100,000 PKR is disproportionately high (Table 2). Low-income physicians had more burnout than high-income physicians (p= 0.014).
Objective: This study was aimed to assess the frequency of thrombocytopenia in pregnant females. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, From November, 2021 to April, 2022. Methods: A total of 380 pregnant females were enrolled to examine. Blood samples from pregnant women were taken to measure the platelet counts by using hematology analyzer. For statistical significance, proportions were analyzed with the Chi square. Detailed socio-demographics of enrolled cases included age, residence, occupational status, educational status, reproductive and related characteristics and BMI were recorded after taking informed written consent. SPSS-21was used to analyze the data. Results: In this study, 380 pregnant females were included with mean age 28.1years. Majority of the females 228/380 (60%) had rural residence, 160 (42.1%) were in third trimester of their pregnancy. Frequency of thrombocytopenia was recorded in 40 pregnant females as 10.5%. Females in their third trimester had moderate thrombocytopenia of about 81.0%, in second trimester 76.0% and in first trimester 74.0% respectively. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is a frequent complication of pregnancy. In the third trimester of pregnancy, thrombocytopenia was shown to affect a disproportionately high number of the women. Most patients are asymptomatic, hence it is important to assess for it by checking the peripheral smear and platelet count often throughout pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. Keywords: Thrombocytopenia, pregnant females, third trimester.
Background: Low socioeconomic status can increase the risk of unhealthy pregnancy results. In Pakistan malnutrition is a leading factor affecting health of pregnant females along fetus and is one of main cause of high maternal morbidity and mortality. One child out of four is victim of malnutrition here. Objective: The basic objective of this study is to determine the relationship between poverty and maternal health. There are many indicators that come under the umbrella of poverty which affects maternal heath such as socio-demographic, physical and mental wellbeing, medical and nutritional profile. Keeping these indicators under consideration, it becomes feasible to understand whether and how poverty affects maternal health. Methodology: A survey was conducted from May 2020 to end of June 2020 through a questionnaire consisting of 33 items. Population size was 200. It was hypothesized that 50% of the population will be under health stress. Important findings: The data collection and analysis showed 54.5% of population under study was health compromised due to poverty or low socioeconomic status. 61.8% of population specified improper diet as health issue that was the major reason behind their abortion/miscarriage/preterm labor. 57.2% of pregnant women were not satisfied with their diet plan. 48.6% of population faced psychological issues during gestation period and 59.3% of population faced financial crisis during pregnancy. Conclusion: It was concluded that poverty had negative influence on maternal health and is indicated by different factors like poor diet, poor physical and mental wellbeing, which resulted in adverse maternal outcomes. This issue needs to be addressed and health care services should be made equally available for all women at least cost. Keywords: poverty; low socioeconomic status; maternal health risk; pregnancy outcomes, risk-management
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