This work finds several new traveling wave solutions for nonlinear directional couplers with optical metamaterials by means of the modified Kudryashov method. This model can be used to distribute light from a main fiber into one or more branch fibers. Two forms of optical couplers are considered, namely the twin- and multiple- core couplers. These couplers, which have applications as intensity-dependent switches and as limiters, are studied with four nonlinear items namely the Kerr, power, parabolic, and dual-power laws. The restrictions on the parameters for the existence of solutions are also examined. The 3D- and 2D figures are introduced to discuss the physical meaning for some of the gained solutions. The performance of the method shows the adequacy , power, and ability for applying to many other nonlinear evolution models.
The aim of study is to solve parabolic integro-differential equation with a weakly singular kernel. Problems involving partial integro-differential equations arise in fluid dynamics, viscoelasticity, engineering, mathematical biology, financial mathematics and other areas. Many mathematical formulations of physical phenomena contain integro-differential equations. Integro-differential equations are usually difficult to solve analytically so, it is required to obtain an efficient approximate solution. A numerical method is developed to solve the partial integro-differential equation using the cubic B-spline collocation method. The method is based on discretizing the time derivative using finite central difference formula and the cubic B-spline collocation method for the spatial derivative. Three examples are considered to illustrate the efficiency of the method developed. It is to be observed that the numerical results obtained by the proposed method efficiently approximate the exact solutions.
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