Purpose COVID-19 pandemic and closure of campuses have required a significant and rapid shift in teaching and training methods across health professions education, including remote teaching replacing face-to-face teaching. This study aims to investigate if emergency remote teaching implemented in the first two years of the medical school at Avalon University School of Medicine served the purpose during the COVID-19 pandemic. The effectiveness of emergency remote teaching and on-campus teaching were compared using course evaluations (students’ feedback) and students’ performance in assessments. Methods This is a concurrent mixed research method. The quantitative data collected are course evaluations and students’ performance in assessments between the two semesters September 2019 (on-campus teaching) and May 2020 (emergency remote teaching). There are three semesters in the first year and two semesters in the second year of the medical program. Each semester has around 10–20 students at any given time. Quantitative data were analyzed for p-values and statistical significance using a t -test. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Results have shown no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between two semesters (between on-campus teaching and emergency remote teaching) for course evaluations. Even if there is any difference, the mean values were better in May 2020 semester with emergency remote teaching. There was no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) even on students’ performance in assessments between two semesters (between on-campus teaching and emergency remote teaching) except for two courses. The thematic analysis of interviews revealed the advantages and disadvantages of online teaching. Conclusion Emergency remote teaching served the purpose in the first two years of medical school during the COVID-19 pandemic. The advantages of online teaching are flexibility and comfort, and students can save time. The disadvantages are technical challenges, students lacking motivation, lack of personal interaction, and limitations on lab and hands-on experiences.
BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic has required a major and rapid shift in teaching and training methods across health professions education. Physical distancing and closure of campuses required online teaching to replace face-to-face teaching. This study aims to investigate if online teaching implemented in the first two years of the medical school at Avalon University School of Medicine is serving the purpose during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsThis is a concurrent mixed research method. The quantitative data collected are course evaluations and students’ performance in assessments between the two semesters September 2019 and May 2020, which had on-campus and online teaching, respectively. Qualitative data were collected using individual interviews of 19 faculty members and students. The quantitative data were analyzed for p-values and statistical significance using a t-test. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsResults have shown no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between two semesters for course evaluations. Even if there is any difference, the mean values were better in May 2020 semester with online teaching. There was no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) even on students’ performance in assessments except for two courses. The thematic analysis of interviews revealed the advantages and disadvantages of online teaching. ConclusionsOnline teaching is serving the purpose in the first two years of the medical school during the COVID-19 pandemic. The advantages of online teaching are flexibility and comfort, and students can save time. The disadvantages are technical challenges, students lacking motivation, lack of personal interaction, and limitations on lab and hands-on experiences.
Adhesive capsulitis is a self‐limiting condition of elderly people with marked deterioration of activities of daily living (ADL) leading to restriction of psychosocial movement (functional limitation). This article determines the improvement of signs of adhesive capsulitis as per force of direction of application (anterior glide versus posterior glide) on glenohumeral joint that would result in the considerable improvement in shoulder external rotation range of motion, abduction and the functional activity in individuals with adhesive capsulitis. The outcome of this study could potentially guide clinical decision making regarding the most effective direction of mobilization to facilitate functional activity of the patients. During this study it is evident that anterior glide overtakes the inferior glide with considerable mean improvement in the patient’s ROM of shoulder joint being marked decrease in pain of both the joints. From the study in a nutshell, it is evident that all measurable parameters such as Range of motion (ROM) through goniometer, pain through visual analog scale (VAS), sensory intensity, emotional impact and the cognitive evaluation of pain through McGill Pain Questionnaire (implies to multidimensional assessment of pain) were towards the positive side. Thirty patients were randomly selected from the community excluding diabetic patients to avoid the bias, effect of diabetic medication over the joint mobilization. All subjects were evaluated with Goniometer, McGill questionnaire and VAS scale before the mobilization techniques implemented. Divided into two groups and were treated with anterior and inferior mobilization techniques characterized as low‐rate, low‐amplitude techniques with sustained loading of restricting tissue at the end ranges of abduction and/or external rotation with a uniform, gliding movement. Each glide (“after the slack of the joint has been taken up”) was given for 1 minute for a total of 15 minutes of sustained stretch, without giving any oscillatory glides after each set and the patient rested in a neutral position for approximately 10 seconds. On an average of 30 degrees of mean ROM increment was observed whereas for pain scale mean reduction in the values from an average of 8 to 3 were seen. Mean and standard deviation for ROM before the joint mobilization (pre‐treatment) as well as the values after the joint mobilization (post‐treatment) were calculated for both anterior and inferior mobilization techniques and progressed to t‐test for each mobilization technique. The same is repeated for pain scale as well. To conclude, there is a strong evidence of improvement in the joint disability as a result of anterior mobilization technique over inferior. Support or Funding Information American Association for Anatomists S.NO GROUP A (ROM) MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION t‐TEST 1 Pre‐treatment 22.5 0.973 5.37 2 Post‐treatment 43.4 4.939 S.NO GROUP A (VAS) MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION t‐TEST 1 Pre‐treatment 7.8 1.08 3.65 2 Post‐treatment 3.85 0.99
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune progressive disease of demyelination of the central nervous system with subsequent axonal damage. The symptoms are due to loss of oligodendrocytes, but CNS diseased effects are often controlled through rehabilitation. The goal of this study is to see if early physiotherapy rehabilitation combined with immunosuppressants can suppress and minimize symptoms while also slowing down the illness process from the first day of hospitalization to six weeks, which normally causes the patient's condition to deteriorate. The patient is required to follow the physiotherapy guidelines for a period of six weeks. Based on their symptoms, the patient's interventions were gradually increased each week. The functional independence measure (FIM) and the Short Form survey-12 were used to assess the patient's everyday quality of life in the first week and then again in the seventh week (SF-12).There is a variation in the value of outcome measures after the 7th re-assessment. The FIM level has risen from 3-moderate assistance with assistance to 6-modified independence without assistance. The SF-12 physical score improved significantly from 48.020307 to 56.57706, whereas the SF-12 mental score changed just slightly. Multiple sclerosis disease impairment is mostly caused by disease progression, but it can also be exacerbated by decreased physical activity, which causes muscle weakness, limited range of motion, and stiffness. Exercise and training have demonstrated improvement of the above-mentioned deteriorations in multiple sclerosis patients
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune progressive disease of demyelination of central nervous system with subsequent axonal damage. The symptoms are due to central nervous system lesions resulting from loss of oligodendrocytes, which myelinates CNS leading to tingling and numbness of limbs and reactive gliosis with no cure for the disease. But CNS diseased effects are often controlled through rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to observe the importance of early physiotherapy rehabilitation along with immunosuppressants to suppress and reduce the symptoms and slows down the disease process beginning from the initial day of hospitalization to six weeks which causes progression in the patient reducing the incapacity and improves functional measures and quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. Muscle weakness, and spasticity, balance and coordination can be improved through stretching and strengthening exercises. METHOD Patient strictly followed intervention for a period of six weeks under the supervision of Physiotherapist. Intervention includes strengthening, aerobic conditioning, flexibility exercises, coordination exercise, balance exercises, gait training using assistive devices, sensory, functional, bowel and bladder control training. Interventions were gradually progressed up to the patient every week according to their symptoms. Patient was assessed in 1st and 7th week using the outcome measures namely Functional independence measure (FIM) and Short Form survey‐12 (SF‐12) assessing the impact of health on patient’s everyday quality of life. RESULTS After the 7th week re‐assessment, it has been shown there is a difference in the value of outcome measures. FIM level has improved from 3‐moderate assistance with helper to 6‐modified independence without helper. SF‐12 physical score showed marked improvement from 48.020307 to 56.57706 while SF‐12 mental score change showed very minor change. CONCLUSION Multiple sclerosis disease impairment is primarily a consequence of disease progress, but it can be aggravated by reduced physical activity leading to muscle weakness, decreased ROM, spasticity. Exercise and training have been shown to improve the above said deteriorations in multiple sclerosis patients and certainly can be alleviated. Score through FIM and Health survey scale are tabulated as follows Outcome measure Preintervention Postintervention FIM, Functional Independent Measure (in scales)3‐‐ Moderate Assistance(>= 50%): Helper‐Modified Dependance6‐‐ Modified, Independence (Device): No HelperSF‐12, Quality of life measurePCS‐12 (Physical Score): 48.020307 MCS‐12 (Mental Score): 59.04606PCS‐12 (Physical Score): 56.57706 MCS‐12 (Mental Score): 60.75781
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