A method for performing noninvasive blood glucose measurements was developed. The method is based on mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy and uses only a few wavenumbers to measure blood glucose levels unconditionally. We found that the regression of blood glucose levels using only three wavenumbers, which were selected using a series cross-validation technique, realized accuracies comparable to those of cases in which a greater number of wavenumbers are used. In addition, we demonstrated the performance of this model through correlations among different types of data.
A mid-infrared attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy system employing hollow optical fibers and a trapezoidal multi-reflection ATR prism has been developed to measure blood glucose levels. Using a multi-reflection prism brought about higher sensitivity, and the flat and wide contact surface of the prism resulted in higher measurement reproducibility. An analysis of in vivo measurements of human inner lip mucosa revealed clear signatures of glucose in the difference spectra between ones taken during the fasting state and ones taken after ingestion of glucose solutions. A calibration plot based on the absorption peak at 1155 cm(-1) that originates from the pyranose ring structure of glucose gave measurement errors less than 20%.
A hollow optical-fiber probe for infrared attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy is developed. A newly designed ATR prism, optimized for use with hollow optical fibers, is proposed. Results from preliminary experiments show the potential uses of the probe in clinical applications. The probe is appropriate for in vivo applications because it is consists of only nontoxic and chemically durable materials.
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